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            mRd"kZ dh vksj rsjkiaFk /keZla?k 

tc laxhr dh Loj ygfj;ka cuh /keZizpkj dk lk/ku&

esokM++ dh /kjrh ij Hkh[k.k th i/kkjsa]lekpkj lqudj nwj nwj ls Jkodx.k  viuh ftKklk,a 'kkUr djus ds fy, jktuxj vkus yxsAlSdMkas dh la[;k esaa yksx vkrsAO;k[;ku&okrkZyki ppkZ,a pyrh jghAijUrq 'kq) 'kkL=h; ckr le>uk]le>kuk bruk lgt ughaa FkkALokeh th us viuh dk;Ziz.kkyh dk vkRefujh{k.k fd;k]fpUru djrs djrs lgt :i ls mudk dfoRo tkx mBkALokeh th fujl O;fDr ughaa FksAljlrk ,oa e/kqjrk muesaa Hkjh iM+h FkhAdfo ân; tkx`r gqvk rks laxhr dh Loj ygfj;ka bBykusa yxhAcl vc D;k FkkAHkh[k.k th dh izlUurk dk ikjkokj ughaa FkkAmUgas fpUru eas ls ,d vn~Hkqr ekSfyd dk;Zi)fr tks fey xbZ FkhA

vc mUgsaa /keZ Ùko dks le>kus ds fy, 'kkL=h; rdZ dh mruh vko’;drk ughaa jgh]vkSj u gh mUgsaa ppkZ okrkZyki ds fy, cgqr vf/kd 'kfDr [kpZ djus dh vko’;drk FkhAvc Lokeh th us vius fopkjkas dks tu lqyHk cukus ds fy, mUgas laxhr dh Loj ygfj;kas eas fijksuk izkjEHk fd;kAdsoy x| gh ughaa]i| dk lgkjk fy;kAxhr ij xhr curs jgs]Lojkas ij Loj la/kku gksrs x,Ans[krs gh ns[krs Hkh[k.k th ds xhrkas&<++kyksaa ls lEiw.kZ esokM++ dk okrkoj.k iqyfdr gks mBkArHkh ls Lokeh th us vkpkj]vqdEik]ozr]vozr vkfn rRdkyhu ppkZLin fo"k;ksa ij tksM++ i| jpuk izkjEHk dhAeqfu cq)ey th dk ekuuk gS fd Lokeh th dh ftu jpukvksaa dk jpuk dky ughaa fn;k gS]dgk tkrk gS fd os lc mDr izkjfEHkd dky dh jpuk gSaA

tksM+ dforkvkas ds ek/;e ls mUgkasus tgkWa rRdkyhu ftKklkvksaa dks lekfgr fd;k]ogha vkxe lEer fopkjkas dh cgqr egRoiw.kZ lkexzh Hkh ladfyr dj nhAdkykUrj esaa rks mUgkasus uo inkFkZ]Jkod ds ckjg ozr vkSj J)k vkfn vusd fo"k;kas ij foospukRed rFkk izsj.kkLin xzUFkkas dh jpuk dhA

blh ds lkFk Lokeh th dh xzUFk jpuk Hkh izkjEHk gks xbZAlk/kkj.k Jkod Hkh mudh xhfrdkvksa dks lh[kdj tgkWaW rRo rFkk vkpkj fo"k;d fo’ks"kK gks tkrk Fkk]ogka ml le; pyus okys 'kkL=kFkZ ,oa ppkZvkas esaa Hkh vts; gks tkrk FkkA

/khjs /khjs Lokeh th dk izHkko c<+++rk tk jgk FkkALokeh th ds ikl fdlh Hkh izdkj dh lk/ku lkexzh u gksus ij 'kkL=kFkZ djus esaa dfBukbZ vo’; Fkh]ijUrq mudk vkRecy cgqr Åapk FkkAxkao ds xkao Lokeh th ls xq: /kkj.k ysrs gq, fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksALFkku LFkku ls Lokeh th dks i/kkjus ds vkea=.k vk jgs FksAvc izfrdwy okrkoj.k Hkh vuqdwyrk dh vksj c<+++us yxk FkkA

dsyok izokl ij ogka ds Bkdqj Jh ekS[ke flag th us ,d /keZ ifj"kn~ eas ,d ckj Lokeh th ls iz’u djrs gq, dgk&Lokeh th!vki ds ikl xkao xkao ls izkFkuk,a vk jgh gaS]yksx vkidh bruh HkfDr djrs gSa rFkk vkidks vius ;gkWa vkrs ns[kdj g"kZ foHkksj gks mBrs gS&vki esaa ,slh D;k fo’ks"krk gS\

Lokeh th us cM+k lVhd ,oa jkspd mÙkj fn;kAftl izdkj ifrozrk ukjh ds ifr dk lans’k ysdj ijns’k ls lans’k okgd vkrk gS rks og ukjh dSls izlUu gksrh gS\mldh vko&Hkxr djrh gS]lEeku ls vklu ij cSBkrh gS]Hkkstu djkrh gS vkSj ifr dk lans’k fdruh rYyhurk ls lqurh gSAD;kas\D;ksaafd lans’k okgd ds xq.kkas ds dkj.k ughaa cfYd ifrozrk ukjh ifr ds lans’k dks ikdj mldk lEeku djrh gSA

blh izdkj turk gekjk lEeku djrh gS]geas bTtr nsrh gS]gekjs vkxeu dh lwpuk mudh izlUurk dk dkj.k curh gS&blhfy, fd ge lcds vkRedY;k.k vkSj lcdh eu% 'kkfUr ds fy, Hkxoku dh lPph ok.kh lqukrs gSaA

vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dk c<+++rk izHkko ,oa Jkodksaa dh c<++rh la[;k ns[kdj vU; vkpk;kZas us fujk’kk ds Loj eas dgk&^^Hkh[k.k jk Hkjek;k]dns u ikNk vk;kA^^

laor~~ 1821 dk pkrqekZl vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th us dsyok esaa fd;kAmDr izlax dsyok ds pkrqekZl le; dk gSAdsyok pkrqekZl ds iwoZ esokM++ ds fofHkUu xkaoksaa eas Hkh[k.k th us fogkj dj /keZ izpkj fd;kA

Hkxorh lw= dh miyfC/k&

^fHk{kq n`"Vkar^ ds vuqlkj dbZ o"kkasZ rd Lokeh th dks Hkxorh lw= vkfn xzUFk i<+us dks ughaa feys FksAxksxqUnk izokl ds le; ogka ds Hkkb;kas us Lokeh th dks 1822 iUuksa okyk Hkxorh lw= rFkk nwljk iUuo.kk lw= cgjk;kALej.k jgs xksxqUnk eas u, clus okys Hkh[k.k th ds HkDr vf/kdka’k muesaa ls Fks tks laor~~ 1815 ds pkrqekZl ds le; jktuxj esaa jgrs FksA

prqfoZn /keZla?k dh LFkkiuk&

esokM++ ds dsyok dk Hkh rsjkiaFk bfrgkl eas viuk ,d egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSAlaor~~ 1817 esaa Lokeh th ,oa muds lg;ksxh lk/kqvksaa us Hkko nh{kk ysdj rsjkiaFk /keZ la?k dk Jh x.ks’k ;gha ls fd;k FkkA;{k ds lk{kkRdkj ls viuh vkRek dh ÅapkbZ dks rFkk vius /keZla?k ds lR; ekxZ dks igpkuk FkkAmlh dsyok eas vc rhu lkf/o;kas dks nhf{kr dj lgh ekus esaa rsjkiaFk /keZ la?k dks prqfoZn /keZla?k cuk;kA,slh cM+h cM+h ?kVuk,a dsyok dh ;’kfLork izdV djrh gSA

dsyok pkrqekZl vFkkZr~~ laor~~ 1821 rd Hkh[k.k th lfgr dqy 6 lk/kq gh la?k eas jgsAvkpk;Z rqylh us ^rsjkiaFk izcks/k^ eas bl fLFkfr dk cM+k vuwBk fp=.k fd;k gS&

**rsjk eka L;qa lkr x;k]No jg~;k ije ijekjFki[kh]

fFkjiky Qrs]Hkh]Hkkjh]gj]Vksdj vfHknku v[kh]

gks lark!vkxS L;aq vkxS vc c<++lh foLrkj gksAA**

vFkkZr~~&vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th ds lkeus lkjh ifjfLFkfr;kWa fdruh izfrdwy Fkh]mldk ,d mnkgj.k mijksDr i| eas izLrqr gSAvfHkfu"Øe.k ds le; esaa rsjg lk/kq FksAlaor~~ 1821 rd bl la[;k eas o`f) dh rks ckr gh D;k cfYd ?kVrs ?kVrs la[;k N% rd igqWap xbZA/keZ ØkfUr esaa lkFk gq, lkr lk/kqvkas us og jkLrk NksM+ fn;kAtks N% lk/kq jgs]muds uke bl izdkj gS&fFkjiky th]QrsgpUn th]Hkh[k.k th]Hkkjheky th]gjukFk th vkSj Vksdj thArsjkiaFk ds bfrgkl eas ;s uke vej gks x,A

dsyok esa lk/oh nh{kk ds fy, fuosnu djrh gqbZ rhu Jkfodk,Wa laor~ 1821A

ijUrq vc ifjfLFkfr;ksa us djoV yh vkSj vuqdwy iqjokbZ pyus yxh FkhAvHkh rd la?k eas lk/kq Jkod vkSj Jkfodk,a Fkh ;kus /keZla?k f=fon~ gh FkkA,d O;fDr us cM+s O;aX; ls Lokeh th ls dgk&Hkh[k.k th!rqEgkjs la?k eas rks dsoy rhu gh rhFkZ gaS&lk/kq]Jkod vkSj Jkfodk,aAlkf/o;kas ds vHkko esaa rqEgkjs la?k dk ;g ekSnd viw.kZ gh gSAHkh[k.k th us cM+h ljyrk ls ijUrq lVhd mÙkj fn;k&gekjk ;g ekSnd viw.kZ Hkys gh gks]ij gS pkSxquh phuh dkAblfy, ftruk gS mruk iw.kZ :i ls Lokfn"V gSAlk/kq lkf/o;ksaa dh la[;k [kwc c<++s bldh vksj mudk tjk Hkh /;ku ughaa FkkAos rks dsoy ;g pkgrs Fks fd lk/kq lkf/o;ka pkgs de gh gksa ij tks gksa og pkSxquh phuh ds gks vFkkZr~~ Kku]n’kZu]pkfj= vkSj rie; thou dk ToyUr mnkgj.k turk ds le{k j[k lds vkSj ekSdk vk, rks ftu&'kklu ds m)kj dk;Z esaa vius izk.kksa dks U;ksNkoj djus esaa Hkh dksbZ eksg u j[ksA

bls Hkyk fu;fr ds vykok D;k dgasxs fd bl iz’u ds dqN fnukasa ckn gh rhu cfgusa nh{kk ds Hkko ls Lokeh th ds n’kZu djus dks vkbZ rFkk rhukas us feydj ,d lkFk Lokeh th ls nh{kk ds fy, fuosnu fd;kA

Lokeh th izR;sd dk;Z cM+h lko/kkuh ls djrs FksAdgha elkf.k;ka oSjkx rks ughaa gS]bldh iwjh ijh{kk djrs FksALokeh th tkurs Fks fd tSukxeksa ds vuqlkj de ls de rhu lkf/o;kas dk ,d lkFk jguk vfuok;Z gSA;fn buds nhf{kr gksus ds i’pkr~~ ,d dk Hkh fo;ksx gks tk, rks 'ks"k nks lkf/o;ksaa ds fy, lays[kuk ds vfrfjDr vU; ekxZ 'ks"k ughaa jgrk vr% mUgkasus ;g fopkj mu cfgukas ds lEeq[k izdV djrs gq, iqu% xgjkbZ ls fpUru djus ds fy, dgkA

ijUrq tSls cfgusa rks Bku dj vkbZ Fkh fd pkgs dqN Hkh gks gesaa rks nh{kk ysuh gh gSAvr% Lokeh th ls fuosnu fd;k&fof/k dk fo/kku dkSu Vky ldk gS\;fn ,slh Hkh ifjfLFkfr cuh rks ge l’kjhj lays[kukiwoZd foltZu djus ds fy, rS;kj gSaA

,slk n`<++ mÙkj lqudj Lokeh th vR;f/kd izlUu gq, rFkk mUgas nh{kk nsus ds fy, Lohd`fr iznku dj nhArsjkiaFk /keZla?k dks prqfoZ/k /keZla?k cukus dk Js; bUghaa rhukas lkf/o;kas dks gSA;s izFke nh{kkFkhZ lkf/o;ka Fkh&dq’kykth]eV~Vqth vkSj vtcq thA;|fi ,slh ifjfLFkfr cuh tcfd bu rhukas eas ls ,d vtcqth x.k ls ckgj gks xbZ Fkh ijUrq lays[kuk dh vko’;drk blfy, ughaa iM++h D;kasfd ml le; rd vkSj Hkh cfguas nhf{kr gks pqdh FkhA

Lkk/kq&lk/oh nh{kk dk Jh x.ks’k&

laor~~ 1817 ds i’pkr~~ 13 ls 8 lk/kq gh Lokeh th ds lkFk jg x, FksApkj o"kZ cM+s ladV ls fudysAnh{kk dh rks ckr gh D;k]Jkod Jkfodkvksaa dk Hkh vHkko FkkA;g fLFkfr cnyh laor~~ 1820 ds jktuxj pkrqekZl lsAlaor~~ 1821 ds dsyok pkrqekZl ds volj ij rhu lkf/o;ksaa dh nh{kk ds i’pkr~~ ifjorZu vk;k rks ,slk tSls cka/k ds ca/k }kj [kksy fn, gkasAvc Jkod Jkfodk,a dh gh la[;k ughaa c<+++h cfYd lk/kq lkf/o;ksaa dh nh{kk,a Hkh gksus yxh FkhA

laor~~ 1822 esaa vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dk pkrqekZl flfj;kjh FkkAbl o"kZ izFke eqfu nh{kk Lokeh th ds gkFkkas gqbZ tc yksgkoV ds Jkod lq[kjke th us eqfu nh{kk xzg.k dhAeqfu lq[kjke th uosa lk/kq FksA

laor~~ 1822 rd dqN vkSj nhf{kr lkf/o;kas ds uke feyrs gaS&

1-     lqtk.kk th&laor~~ 1821 ls1823 ds chpA

2-     nsÅ th

3-     usrw th

4-     xqekuk th

5-     dlqack th

6-     thm th

bl izdkj laor~~ 1822&23 rd uks lar ,ao uks gh lkf/o;ka dqy vBkjg lk/kq lkf/o;kas ds uke miyC/k gksrs gSaA

 

d.Vkfy;k unh esa cgrk ikuh ,oa nksuksa vksj xq: f’k"; /keZppkZ djrs gq, foØe laor 1824 vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th vkSj eqfu Hkkjheky thA

O;o/kku vk, ij jkg u :dh &

laor~~ 1817 dsyok Hkko nh{kk ysus ds i’pkr~~ vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dks iUnzg o"kkasZ rd la?k"kkasZ ls yksgk ysuk iM++kAlaor~~ 1832 ds [ksjok pkrqekZl ls vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr;ka cuus yxhAbrus yEcs dky[k.M dk la?k"kZ Hkh Hkh[k.k th dks vius iFk ls fopfyr djus eas vleFkZ jgkAvkpk;Z j?kqukFk th dks yxrk Fkk];g tks’k dqN o"kkasZ rd gh jgsxk rFkk Hkh[k.k th dks ykSV ds vkuk gh iM++sxkAijUrq Hkh[k.k th us vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th dh vk’kkvkas ij ikuh Qsj fn;kAvkpk;Z j?kqukFk th us ix ix ij ck/kk,a [kM+h dh]O;o/kku mifLFkr fd, ijUrq Hkh[k.k th muls dc Mjus okys FksAfdlh dfo dh ;s iafDr;ka muds fy, cM+h lVhd yxrh gS&

^^py iM++s iSj ftl vksj ifFkd]

ml iFk ls fQj Mjuk dSlk]

;g :d :d dj c<++uk dSlk\^^

laor~~ 1822 ls ysdj laor~~ 1830 rd fujUrj ekjokM+ esaa gh vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th ds pkrqekZl jgsAvkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th ;g fn[kk nsuk pkgrs Fks fd Li"V /;s; iFk ij pyus okys ohj iq:"k Hkh"k.k ls Hkh"k.k d"Vkas eas Hkh ?kcjkrk ughaa cfYd /kS;ZiwoZd vuqdwy le; dh izfr{kk djrk gqvk n`<+++rk ds lkFk vius /;s; iFk dh vksj fujUrj dne c<+++krk pyrk gSAfdlh us lR; gh dgk gS&vuqdwyrk eas la[;k cy ^DokafVVh^ c<+++rk gS vkSj izfrdwyrk esaa xq.k ^DokfyVh^AHkh[k.k th ds thou eas Hkh dqN ,slk gh ?kfVr gqvkA

laor~~ 1821 esaa gqbZ rhu lk/oh nh{kk us Hkkoh nh{kkvkas dk ekxZ iz’kLr fd;kAlaor~~ 1822 esaa ,d lar nhf{kr gq,AHkko nh{kk ds le; rsjg lk/kq FksAmlds i’pkr~~ laor~~ 1853 rd rsjg lk/kqvkas dh la[;k dHkh iw.kZ ughaa gqbZAlaor~~ 1844 esaa os.khjke th dh nh{kk ds ckn ,d ckj rsjg&pkSng la[;k gqbZ Fkh]ijUrq dqN le; rdAfdrus gh O;fDr;kas us nh{kk yh ijUrq ,d lkFk rsjg dh la[;k ughaa cu ikbZAizk;% vkB ls ckjg ds chp gh lk/kq jgsAvkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dk ekxZ vkd"kZd Hkh Fkk vkSj dBksj HkhAJkod Jkfodk,a nh{kk rks ys ysrs ijUrq dBksj lk/kqp;kZ ikyu dfBu FkkAvr% vusd lk/kq]lkf/o;ka bl dkj.k la?k ls vyx gksrs x,AdqN lk/kq vk;q";iw.kZ gksus ls LoxZoklh Hkh gks x,A

laor~~ 1844 esaa os.khjke th dh nh{kk ds le; vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th lfgr nl lk/kq FksAX;kjgosa os.khjketh gq,AijUrq laor~~ 1817 ls ysdj laor~~ 1844 rd dqy vVBkbZl lk/kq nh{kk,a gks pqdh FkhA;s lHkh nh{kk,a eqfu lq[kjke th dh nh{kk laor~~ 1822 ds ckn gqbZA17 lk/kq fnokxar gks x, vFkok x.k ckgj gks x,A

laor~~ 1844 rd rhl lk/oh nh{kk,a gks pqdh FkhAbuesaa laor~~ 1821 esaa rhu laor~~ 1821 ls laor~~ 1823 ds chp 6]laor~~ 1833 eas 5]laor~~ 1833&34 eas 5]laor~~ 1838 esaa 1]laor~~ 1838 ls laor~~ 1844 ds chp 6 rFkk laor~~ 1844 eas 4 lkf/o;ksaa us nh{kk,a yhAbu lHkh lkf/o;ksaa ds ewy LFkkuksa ds fo"k;kas eas tkuus ij ;g ckr lgt gh le> eas vk tkrh gS fd Lokeh th dk izHkko esokM++]ekjokM++]dkaBk vkSj flokaph ekyk.kh rd cu x;k FkkA

tc rd Hkkouk,a iq:"kksa rd jgrh gSa]os detksj jgrh gaS]vfLFkj jgrh gSa rFkk mldk izHkko {ks= Hkh c<+++rk ughaaAijUrq tc Jkfodkvksaa dh la[;k c<+++us yxrh gS rc ifjokj ds ifjokj vuq;k;h curs gSaAla[;k cy Hkh rsth ls c<+++rk gS],d ls nks]nks ls rhu vkSj rhu ls pkj dh rjg ughaa cfYd ,d ls nks]nks ls pkj vkSj pkj ls vkB bl izdkj c<++rh gSAifjokjkass esaa laLdkj iDds gksrs gaS rFkk vk/kkj LFkk;h curk gSA;gh ckr rsjkiaFk ij Hkh ykxw gqbZAlaor~~ 1821 ds ckn la?k esaa lk?kq lkf/o;ksaa dh nh{kk,a c<++hAtSlk Åij crk;k x;k gS laor~~ 1844 rd nh{kk ysus okys lk/kq vkSj lkf/o;ksaa dh la[;k vVBkbZl lk/kq vkSj rhl lkf/o;ka FkhA

mDr fo’ys"k.k Lo;a gh ;g crkus ds fy, i;kZIr gS fd Hkh[k.k th :ih HkkLdj ds le{k vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ,oa vusd O;fDr;ksaa }kjk iSnk fd, x, ladVksa ds ckny fc[kj x, ijUrq iw.kZ :is.k lekIr ughaa gq,AvHkh LFkku LFkku ij mudh ijh{kk,a yh tkrh jgh]mis{kk,a gksrh jgh vkSj ck/kk,a [kM+h dh tkrh jghA

vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dh tUe dq.Myh esaa yXu esaa ehu jkf’k esaa c`gLifr ,oa jkgw gksdj pk.Mky ;ksx curk gSAbldk lgt Qfyr ;g gS fd buds thou esaa dne dne ij ck/kk,a vk,xh]vUrj&ckg~; leL;k,a f?kjrh jgsxh ijUrq NB~s ?kj esaa eaxy us cSB dj mu lc 'k=qvksa ,oa leL;kvkas dh Nkrh ij cSB dj fot; izkIr djus dk ladYi izdV fd;k gSAc`gLifr lcdk xq: gS]iz/kku gSAblfy, mlds izHkko dks c<+++us ls jksd ikuk lkekU; dke ughaa gSA

dfo dh ;s iafDr;ka fdruh lVhd cSBrh gS&

^^vka/kh D;k gS rwQku feys]pkgs ftrus O;o/kku feysA

c<++uk gh viuk dke gS]c<++uk gh viuk dke gSAA

ge ubZ psruk dh /kkjk]ge vaf/k;kjs esa mft;kjkA

ge ml c;kj ds >ksads gSa]tks gj ys lcdk nq%[k lkjkAA

c<++uk gS 'kwy feys rks D;k] iFk eas vaxkj tys rks D;kA

thou esaa dgka fojke gS]c<++uk gh viuk dke gSAA^^

^fHkD[kq n`"VkUr^ ds vuqlkj ,d ckj eqfu uku th us gsejkt th Lokeh dks vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th ds laor~~ 1822 ds flfj;kjh pkrqekZl dh ppkZ djrs gq, crk;k&gsejkt th!flfj;kjh eas xzh"e dky rFkk pkrqekZl esaa Lokeh th tc iDdh nqdku esaa cSB dj O;k[;ku nsrs]rc Lo;a Lokeh th rFkk Hkkjheky th vkxs cjkcj cSBrsAikl eas d.B&jkx feykus okys HkkbZ cSBrsAge nwljs lk/kq muds ihNs cSBrsAxehZ dk vR;f/kd d"V jgrkA'kjhj ls cgqr ilhuk pyrkAbl rjg NksVh NksVh txg eas Bgjdj Lokeh th /keZ izpkj djrsALokeh th Qjekrs&midkj ds fy, d"V lgus eas dksbZ vkifÙk ughaaA

ml dky esaa fojks/kkas ds Loj fdrus fupys Lrj rd mrj x, Fks];g fuEufyf[kr n`"Vkar ls Li"V gks tkrk gSA

,d ckj Lokeh th fogkj djrs gq, nslwjh tk jgs FksAekxZ esaa ?kk.ksjko ds egktu feysAmUgkasus Hkh[k.k th dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, iwNk&vkidk  uke D;k gS\Lokeh th us dgk&esjk uke Hkh[k.k gSAbl ij egktu vk’p;Z ls cksys&D;k Hkh[k.k th rsjkiaFkh rqEgha gks\Lokeh th us dgk eSaa ogh gwWaAbrus esaa ,d O;fDr us vkos’k eas dgk&rqEgkjk eqag ns[kus okyk rks ujd esaa tkrk gSArRdky Lokeh th us iyV dj iwNk&vkSj rqEgkjk eqag ns[kus ls\mlus flj Åapk mBkdj xfoZys Loj eas dgk&esjk eqWag ns[kus okyk LoxZ eas tkrk gSA

Lokeh th us mUgsaa le>krs gq, dgk&fdlh dk eqag ns[kus ek= ls LoxZ ;k ujd feyrk gks];g ckr rks le>us esaa ughaa vkrhAijUrq ,d ckj ;fn rqEgkjs dFkukuqlkj bls lR; eku Hkh ysa rks geus vkidk eqag ns[kk gS]vr% ge rks LoxZ esaa tk,xsAijUrq rqeus gekjk eqag ns[kk gS]blfy, rqe ujd esaa tkvksxsA;g lqudj os egktu pqipki pys x,A

,slh u tkus fdruh ijh{kk,a gqbZ ijUrq Lokeh th us mUgsaa dHkh xaHkhj ughaa ekukAcfYd cM+h lgtrk ls fy;kALokeh th us dHkh foifÙk;kas dks foifÙk;ka ughaa le>kAfojks/kkas eas ls Hkh dqN u dqN lh[kus dk iz;Ru fd;kAegku iq:"k ,slh {kqnz ckrksaa dh ijokg ughaa djrsA

ikyh pkrqekZl laor~ 1823&

laor~~ 1823 eas Lokeh th dk pkrqekZl ikyh esaa FkkAikyh esaa Lokeh th dk ;g izFke pkrqekZl FkkAvkt dh rjg ml le; ikyh ftyk rks ughaa cuk Fkk]fQj Hkh ,d cM+k O;olkf;d dsUnz FkkALokeh th lksprs Fks fd ikyh esaa rsjkiaFk dk izlkj gksus ls lgt gh vkl ikl ds {ks=kas eas rsjkiaFk dk izHkko O;kIr gks tk,xkAoSls Hkh ikyh vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th dk cM+k izHkko {ks= Hkh FkkAbl dkj.k Hkh ogka rsjkiaFk ds izpkj izlkj dh vko’;drk vf/kd FkhA

ikyh pkrqekZl esaa Lokeh th ,d nqdku esaa BgjsAfdlh foijhr fopkj okys HkkbZ us nqdku dh ekyfdu dks cgdk;k fd ;s lk/kq dkfrZd iwue rd ;gkWa ls ughaa tk,xsAbl ij rks nqdku ekyfdu us Lokeh th ls vkdj tkudkjh djus dh vko’;drk u le>rs gq, rqjUr nqdku [kkyh djus ds fy, dgkALokeh th dks vpkud vk, bl ifjorZu dh ckr le> eas ughaa vkbZAckbZ cksyus yxh&;gkWa Bgjus dh esjh vkKk ughaa gSA

Lokeh th us cM+s 'kkUr Hkko ls dgk cfgu]rqe fpUrk u djks]pkrqekZl eas tc Hkh rwa dgsxh]rHkh ge nwljh txg pys tk,xsAcfgu cksyh&eq>s vki tSls lk/kq dg x, Fks fd ;s pkrqekZl izkjEHk gksus ds ckn LFkku dks NksM+saxs ughaa]blfy, esjh nqdku vHkh ds vHkh [kkyh djksALokeh th le> x, Fks fd vki tSls lk/kq dkSu gks ldrs gSa\

vkf[kj Lokeh th dks og nqdku [kkyh djds mn;iqfj;k cktkj dh ,d nqdku dh esM+h ij tkuk iM++kAnqdku cM+sa eksds dh FkhAfnu esaa esM+h ij jgrs vkSj jkr esaa uhps nqdku ij vkdj O;k[;ku nsrsAekSds dk LFkku gksus ds dkj.k O;k[;ku lquus vkus okykas dh mifLFkfr Hkh vPNh gks tkrh FkhAHkh[k.k th us ml nqdku ekyfdu dks eu gh eu ljkgk fd mlds dkj.k bl u, LFkku ij /keZ izpkj dk ykHk vf/kd feyus yxk FkkAvidkj esaa Hkh midkj dk Hkko xzg.k djuk gh Lokeh th dh xq.kxzkgh n`f"V FkhA

vusd fojks/kh izpkj djus okykas us ;g nqdku Hkh NqM+kus dk iz;kl fd;kAijUrq nqdku ekfyd us Li"V dg fn;k Fkk fd dkfrZd iwf.kZek rd rks eSa fdlh gkyr eas nqdku [kkyh ughaa djkÅWaxkA

bl pkrqekZl eas o"kkZ cgqr gqbZAyksxkas dh iwoZ/kkj.kk fd tgkWa tSu larkas dk pkrqekZl gksrk gS ogka o"kkZ ughaa gksrh vFkok cgqr de gksrh gS]os o"kkZ dks cka/k nsrs gSaA;s ckr Hkh vlR; gks xbZALokeh th dk pkrqekZl vkSj cgqr o"kkZ gksuk&nksukas dk esy gks x;kA

vf/kd o"kkZ gksus dkj.k igys ftl nqdku eas Lokeh th Bgjs Fks]og fxj iM+hAtc Lokeh th dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh gqbZ rc Lokeh th us mifLFkr Jkodksaa dks dgk&nqdku NqM+okus okykas ij Nn~eLFkrk ds dkj.k dqN mÙkstuk vk ldrh gS ij okLro esaa mUgksaus gekjs lkFk midkj gh fd;kAdSlk mRd`"V ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k Fkk Lokeh th dkA

jkr dks O;k[;ku ds le; <+ksy <+ekds ctkuk]i;qZ"k.k ioZ ij fojks/k djus okyksaa us bUnz/ot egksRlo eukrs gq, Lokeh th ds vkokl ds lkeus ls tqyql ykuk vkSj ogha cgqr nsj :ddj ukpuk xkuk <+ksy <+ekdk djuk ftlls O;k[;ku eas ck/kk mRiUu gksA,sls vusd izdkj ds mRikr fd,AijUrq Lokeh th us cM+s /kS;ZiwoZd ;s lc lgu fd;kA;|fi dqN Jkod mÙksftr gks mBs ijUrq Lokeh th us mUgas 'kkUr djrs gq, dgk&;s yksx Hkxoku dks izfrek ekurs gaSAvr% ;k rks ;s Hkxoku ds le{k ukprs gaS vFkok Hkxoku dh izfrek vFkkZr~~ lk/kqvkas ds lkeus ukprs gSaArqe yksx bUgas D;kas jksd jgs gksA

Lokeh th ds ,slk dgrs gh Jkod Hkh 'kkUr gks x,Abruk gh ughaa ukpus xkus okys Hkh 'kkUr gks x, rFkk vkil esaa ppkZ djus yxsAdgus yxs vjs!;g fdl feV~Vh dk cuk gSAbl ij rks gekjs fdlh Hkh fojks/k dk fdafpr ek= vlj Hkh ughaa gksrk cfYd gj ckr dk lqyVk lqyVk gh vFkZ yxkrk gSA

bruk lc gksus ij Hkh ikyh eas Lokeh th dk fojks/k djus okyksaa dk tks’k de ughaa gqvkAos fdlh vU; ;kstuk eas lfØ; gks x,Aikyh ds ckospk vkfn yksxkas us ikyh ls Lokeh th dks fudyokus ds fy, ,d vU; ;kstuk cukbZA,d fnu lHkh yksx feydj viuh viuh nqdkukas dh pkfc;ka lkFk ysdj gkfde tsBey th ds ikl x,Aedkuksa vkSj nqdkukas dh pkfc;ka gkfde lkgc ds lkeus j[krs gq, cksys&bUgsaa laHkkfy, vkSj gesaa ikyh ls pys tkus dh vkKk nhft,A

,d lkFk brus lkgwdkjkas }kjk ikyh NksM++us dh rS;kjh ns[kdj gkfde tsBey th pdjk, rFkk iwNus yxs&,slh dkSulh fodV fLFkfr mRiUu gks xbZ gS fd vki lc dks uxj R;kx dk fu.kZ; djuk iM++k\lkgwdkjkas us ,d Loj esaa dgk&ikyh esaa vc ;k rks Hkh[k.k th jgsaxs ;k geAnksukas dnkfi ughaa jg ldrsA

gkfde tsBey th cM+s gh le>nkj o lqy>s gq, fopkjkas ds O;fDr Fks]n`<+++rk ls cksys&,slk vU;k; rks eSa dHkh ughaa dj ldrkAuxj esaa rks os’;k rFkk dlkbZ tSls ikfi"B O;fDr Hkh jgrs gaSAmUgas Hkh tc ughaa fudky ldrk]rc Hkh[k.k th dks dSls fudkyk tk ldrk gSAos rks ,d vlk/kkj.k lar iq:"k gaSAbuls rks ikyh dk xkSjo gh c<+++k gSA

lkgwdkjksa us dgk&Bhd gS]vki mUgsaa jf[k,]ge tk jgs gSAgkfde tsBey th us lkgwdkjksa ls dgk&eSaa dqN gh o"kksaZ iwoZ dh ,d ?kVuk lqukrk gwaaWA

tks/kiqj jkT; esaa eksrh uke dk ,d catkjk ckgj ls eky ykdj csprk vkSj ued [kjhn dj ys tkrk FkkAlkeku <++ksus ds fy, mlds ikl ,d yk[k cSy FksAblfy, yksx mls yD[kh cyfn;k vFkok yD[kh catkjk dgrs FksAog ftl ekxZ ls vkrk Fkk]ml ekxZ ds [ksr cSykas }kjk jksan fn, tkrs FksAbldh f’kdk;r fdlkukas us tks/kiqj ujs’k fot; flag th ls dhAujs’k us eksrh dks cqykdj dgk&[ksrksa dks cpkdj vk;k tk;k djksA

eksrh dks rks vius O;kikjh 'kfDr ij cM+k ?keaM+ FkkAog mlh u’ks esaa cksyk&eksrh vk,xk rc rks ,slk gh gksxkA

ijUrq ujs’k Hkh LokfHkekuh ,oa vius jkT; o fdlkukas ds fgrs’kh FksAeksrh dh mn.M+rk ls Øq/k gksdj cksys&;kasfg gksxk rks vkxs ls esjs jkT; esaa vkus dh vko’;drk ughaaAgekjs ;gkWa ued gS]mlds xzkgd vkrs gh jgsaxs]rqe ughaa rks vkSj lghAijUrq O;kikj ds uke ij vU;k; djus dh NwV ughaa nh tk ldrhA

gkfde tsBey th us dgk&eksrh pyk x;k rks mlh dk O;kikj u"V gks x;k]ijUrq tks/kiqj jkT; dk dqN ughaa fcxM+kArqe yksx Hkh viuk gkfu ykHk lksp yksAeaS rqEgkjs fy, larksa dks fudkyus dk vU;k; dHkh ughaa dj ldrkA

^fHk{kq n`"Vkar^ ds vuqlkj ckospks us pkfc;kWa mBkbZ vkSj pqipki vius ?kj pys x,A

,slh vusdksa fLFkfr;ka cuh]lkeus vkbZ ijUrq Lokeh th dks dksbZ Hkh ck/kk fMxk ughaa ldh]u mUgas m}ssfyr dj ldh]izfrfØ;k vkSj vkØks’k rks cgqr nwj dh ckr gSAizR;sd ?kVuk eas ls mUgkasus vPNkbZ <++wa<+h]fdlh dh vkykspuk izR;kykspuk ughaa dhAdkSu D;k dgrk gS bldh fpUrk ughaa dh cfYd eq>s lekt dks D;k nsuk gS]dSls nsuk gS mlh dh fpUrk djrs FksA

Lokeh th tkurs Fks fd dhpM+ esaa ls gh dey f[kyrs gSaAvr% mUgkasus dHkh dhpM+ dk fopkj ughaa fd;k&fopkj fd;k rks dsoy ;gh fd dey dSls f[kyk, tk;sa]fdrus f[kyk, tk;sa\

Lokeh th us dHkh yksxkas dh Hkkoukvksa ls f[kyokM+ ughaa fd;k vkSj u dHkh mudh mis{kk dhAD;ksaafd os tkurs Fks tks vkt fojks/k dj jgs gaS os gh dy bl jkg ds gejkgh Hkh cuasxsAcl ml fnu rd izfr{kk djuh gksxh tc rd os le>nkj u cu tk,aA

lEHkor;k ihikM+ izokl dh ckr gSA,d HkkbZ Lokeh th ls ppkZ djrs le; v.V l.V cksyk djrk FkkAbl ij ogka cSBs vU; Jkodksaa us dgk&Lokeh th!;g bruk myVk lqyVk cksyrk gS rks fQj vki blls ppkZ D;kas djrs gS\Lokeh th us dgk&ckyd tc rd ughaa le>rk rc rd vius firk dh ewNas Hkh idM+ ysrk gS]ixMh ij Hkh gkFk ekjrk gS]ijUrq dqN le; chrus ij tc le>nkj curk gS rks ogha ckyd firk dh lsok Hkh djrk gSA

Bhd blh rjg bls vHkh lk/kqvkas dh iwjh igpku ughaa gSAvr% mYVk lqYVk cksyrk gSAij tc le> vk tk,xh rc ;gh O;fDr HkfDr Hkh djus yxsxkAvkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th ds lkFk ,slk gqvk];g dksbZ vugksuh ckr ughaa gSAtSls dqEgkj ls eVdh [kjhnrs le; O;fDr Bksd ctkdj ij[krk gS oSls gh ml xq: ds gkFkkas thou tSlh vewY; pht lkSaius ls igys Hkh xq: dks Bksd ctkdj ij[kuk pkgrk gS fd D;k bl xq: ds gkFkkas viuh thou uS;k rj tk,xh\

bfrgkl lk{kh gS&pØorh _"kHk nso us eqfu cuus ds ckn D;k yksxkas ls de iRFkj [kk, Fks\egkohj ds rhFkZadj cuus ds iwoZ D;k de rdyhQas vkbZ Fkh\jke us]tks vkt Hkh lokZf/kd yksdfiz; gaS]thou Hkj d"V lgs]yksxksaa dh rkM+uk lgh]pkSng o"kZ dk ouokl Hkksxk]lsuk u gksrs gq, Hkh taxy esaa jgus okys cUnjksa Hkkyqvkas dh lsuk la?kfVr dj jko.k tSls egk'kfDr lEiUu ijUrq ik’koh 'kfDr ls Hkjiwj vR;kpkjh dk loZuk’k fd;kA

Lokeh th dks Hkh viuh vkRek dh 'kfDr dk lEcy Fkk]viuh jkg rsjkiaFk ij ,d fu"B vfopy J)k Fkh vkSj Fkk viuh fot; dk fo’oklA

laor~~ 1817 ls 1821 rd tks fLFkfr Fkh]og laor~~ 1821 ls 1831 rd ughaa jghAfujUrj fogkj djrs gq, ekjokM++]flokaphekykuh]dkaBk]esokM+ vkfn {ks=kas esaa J)k dk etcwr vk/kkj [kM+k fd;kAfdrus Hkh O;o/kku [kMs+ fd, x,]dksbZ Hkh Hkh[k.k th dh jkg dks jksd ikus eas vleFkZ FkkA

vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th us thou esaa dHkh ;g lkspk gh ughaa Fkk fd esjs lkFk fdrus lk/kq pyasxs ;k ughaa pysaxs] esjk iaFk cusxk ;k ugha cusxk]os rks Bkdqj jfoUnz dh dfork dh rjg &^^,dyk pyks js^^ eas Hkh fl) FksAfdlh dfo us lVhd dgk gS&

^^/;s; ekxZ ij pys ohj rks ihNs vc u fugkjkasA fgEer dHkh u gkjksAA

er lkspks fdruh nwjh gS] fdruk yEck ex gSA

vkSj u lkspks lkFk rqEgkjs]vkt dgka rd tx gSA

y{; izkfIr dh cfyosnh ij]viuk ru eu okjksAfgEer dHkh u gkjksAA^^

?kj NksM+rs le; Lokeh th us dHkh ;g ughaa lkspk fd eq>s vkpk;Z cuuk gS ;k iaFk pykuk gS ;k ubZ lk/kq nh{kk nsuh gSAmuds thou dk rks ;gh y{; Fkk eqfu cuus dk],d gh y{; Fkk&eq>s rks vkRelk{kkRdkj djuk gS]vkRek dk dY;k.k djuk gSALOkkeh th ds ;g 'kCn&^^vkRek jka dkjt lkjlka]ej iwjka nslka rFkk dk;Z ok lk/k;s;a]nsga ok ikr;s;aA^^mudh ;g vijkts; izfrKk gh mudk thou lw= cu xbZAdkjoka pyrk jgk]yksx tqM+rs x,A

               vk/;kRe ra= dk u;k vkfo"dkj 

izFke e;kZnki= laor~ 1832&

'kuS 'kuS ck/kk,a lekIr gksrh tk jgh FkhAlk/kq ,oa lk/oh nh{kk Hkh c<+++us yxh FkhAJkod Jkfodkvkas dh la[;k esaa Hkh fujUrj o`f) gks jgh FkhA,slh fLFkfr esaa Lokeh th us fpUru fd;k&eq>s rks vis{kk ughaa Fkh fd ubZ jkg py iM++sxhAtc ;g vuisf{kr :i ls py fudyh rks ;gh ekuuk gksxk fd ;gh fu;fr gS];gh fof/k dk fo/kku gSA

                    e;kZnk i= ij gLrk{kj djrs eqfux.kA

^fHk{kq t’kjlk;u^ esaa Jhen~ t;kpk;Z us Hkh[k.k th dh Hkkouk dk cM+k lqUnj fp=.k fd;k gS&

^^tc Hkh fHkD[kq eu tkf.k;ks]drZi d: fdY;k.kA

ex ugha fnlS pkyrks]vfr/ku yksx vtka.kA

?kj NksM+h eq> x.k e>s]late dq.k yS lks;A

Jkod us cfy Jkfodk]gwWark u fnlS dks;A

,sg~oh djsa vkykspuk],dkUrj vo/kkjA

vkrkiu ofy vknjh]lark lkFkS lkjA

pkSfogkj miokl fpÙk]mif/k x`gh lgq rUrA

vkrkiuk yS ou e>s]ri dj ru rkoarA^^

blfy, eaSus vuisf{kr dgkALo;a Hkh[k.k th Hkh ughaa tkurs Fks fd mudk iaFk py fudysxkALokeh th us ,d ckj gsejkt th eqfu ls dgk Fkk&ge dc tkurs Fks fd gekjs fl)kUrksaa dks yksx Lohdkj djsaaxs]lk/kq cusaxs ;k Jkod Jkfodk,a gkasxhAge yksxkas us rks flQZ vkRedY;k.k dh gh fopkjh FkhAmlh izdkj riL;k djrs djrs thou ;k=k lekIr djus dh vk’kk FkhA

Lokeh Hkh[k.k th tc tks/kiqj ls pys ml le; Hkh lk/kuk dh ckr gh muds lkeus FkhAiaFk pykus dh u rks dksbZ dYiuk Fkh u dkeukA;fn fdafpr Hkh ;g egRokdk{kka gksrh rks vfHkfu"Øe.k ds rqjUr i’pkr~~ igys uke dh ?kks"k.kk gksrh]mlds ckn iaFk curkArsjkiaFk uke Hkh j[kk rks Hkh[k.k th us ughaa ,d Hkkstx dfo us]ftldk nwj nwj rd u rks tSu vkpk;Z ls lEcU/k Fkk vkSj u Hkh[k.k th lsA;s rks fof/k dk fo/kku FkkA

Lokeh Hkh[k.k th viuh ekrk dh os ckr Hkwys ughaa Fks tks mUgkasus nh{kk dh vuqefr nsrs gq, vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th dks flag LoIu dh ckr dghAftlds mÙkj eas vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th us dgk&cgu!fpUrk u djAoLrqr% ,d fnu rqEgkjk ;g iq= x.k eas flag leku ngkM+sxk&xjtsxkAyx jgk gS og xq: vk’khokZn dh Hkfo";ok.kh lR; gksuk pkgrh gSA;gh rks fof/k dk fo/kku gS fd rsjkiaFk cus vkSj f’kfFkykpkj ds fo:) vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th flag xtZuk djsaaaA

vkt og le; vk x;kAfojks/kkas dh yw ls >qylk nsus okyh vka/kh lekIr gksdj 'khry iqjokgh cgus yxh gSA,slh fLFkfr eas Hkh[k.k th dks vko’;d yxk fd bl cht :i ls [kMs+ dksey ikS/ks dh lqj{kk ds fy, ckM+ dh vko’;drk gS]e;kZnkvkas dh vko’;drk gSAfcuk e;kZnk ds vuq’kklu dk fuekZ.k ughaa gks ldrk vkSj fcuk vuq’kklu ds la?kBu ughaa py ldrkAblds vHkko esaa u, x.k dks foJa`[kfyr gksrs vf/kd nsj ughaa yxsxhA

,sls fpUru ds i’pkr~~ mUgkasus izeq[k larkas ds lkFk fopkj foe’kZ fd;kA,d er gksus ij laor~~ 1832 esaa ekjokM++ taD’ku ftldk izkphu uke [kkjph Fkk]ds fudV xzke fcBkSM+k dyka esaa izFke e;kZnki= vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th us bl uoJ`ftr rsjkiaFk ds fy, fy[kkA

;qokpk;Z dh ?kks"k.kk&

fcBkSM+k dyka eas gh laor~~ 1832 dh fexlj cnh lkre~ dks Lokeh Hkh[k.k th us vius f’k"; Hkkjheky th dks ;qokpk;Z in ij vfHkf"kDr fd;kArRdky lk/kq larkas eas eqfu fryksdpUn th vkSj eqfu pUnzHkk.k th tks cM+s fo}ku vkSj cM+s cqf)eku lar ekus tkrs FksALo;a Hkh[k.k th Hkh mUgsaa cgqeku nsrs FksAizFke e;kZnki= fy[krs le; Hkkoh vkpk;Z Hkkjheky th dks funsZ’k fn;k Fkk fd os fryksdpUn th]pUnzHkk.k th vkfn cqf)eku lk/kqvkas ds ijke’kZ ls dk;Z djsaaA

            

eqfu Hkkjheky th dks iNsoMh vkS<+kdj mŸkjkf/kdkjh ?kksf"kr djrs gq, vkpk;Z fHk[k.k thAfcBkSMk laor~ 1832 ekxZ'kh"kZ d`".kk lIrehA

dgha dgha ;qokpk;Z dh ?kks"k.kk ikyh esaa dh ,slk fy[kk feyrk gSAijUrq ys[k i=ksa eas laor~~ 1832 ds ys[ki= dh X;kjgoha /kkjk esaa fy[kk gS&^^EgS fcBkSjk eas fy[kr esa erks ?kkY;ks rs ljek ljeh ?kkY;ks NS^^&ds vk/kkj ij ;g fuf’pr fd;k tk ldrk gS fd ;qokpk;Z dh ?kks"k.kk fcBkSM+k eas gqbZ D;kasfd ;qokpk;Z dh ?kks"k.kk ,oa laor~~ 1832 fexlj cn~ lIreh dk izFke ys[k i= fy[kuk ,d gh le; ij gqvkA;g ;qokpk;Z fu;qfDr dk ys[k i= FkkA

;|fi nksukas ys[k i=ksa laor~~ 1832 o laor~~ 1859 eas LFkku dk mYys[k ughaa feyrkAijUrq mDr o.kZu eas fcBkSM+k dk uke laor~~ 1832 O;fDrxr ys[ki= 7 eas Lokeh th us ohjHkk.k th }kjk x.k ds voxq.kokn:i dgh xbZ ckrksaa dk ladyu fd;k gS&mlh ys[k i= dh X;kjgoha /kkjk eas fcBkSM+k uke vk;k gSA

ohjHkk.k th&lkstr]laHkor;k laor~~ 1832 ek?klqnh NB ls tsB lqnh X;kgjl ds chp x.k ls ckgj gks x, FksA;qokpk;Z ?kks"k.kk ds le; ohjHkk.k th x.k eas gh FksAblfy, izFke ys[k i= ij muds Hkh gLrk{kj gSaAijUrq iafDR;ksa eas ;g fy[kuk fd&^er ?kkY;ks rs ljek ljeh ?kkY;ks Ns^ vFkkZr~~ eu dh bPNk ls vFkok izlUurkiwoZd gLrk{kj ughaa fd,A

laor~~ 1832 ds O;fDrxr ys[k i= lkr esaa fcBkSM+k dk uke gS bldk vFkZ bruk gS fd ;g O;fDrxr ys[k i= fcBkSM+k eas fy[kk x;k ftlesaa eqfu ohjHkk.k th ds voxq.kokn dk o.kZu gSAizFke e;kZnki= ftls lkeqfgd i= Hkh dgk tkrk gS]fy[kk x;k laor~~ 1832 ds fexlj lqn lkre~ dks rFkk mlh le; ;qokpk;Z dh ?kks"k.kk gqbZ rHkh ls ohjHkk.k th }kjk vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dk fojks/k izkjEHk gks x;kA;fn ;g ekuk tk, fd ohjHkk.k th ek?k lqnh ls tsB lqnh ds chp x.k ckgj gq, rks nksukas dk o"kZ vyx vyx vkrk gSAek?k laor~~ 1832 ekuk tk, rks tsB laor~~ 1833 esaa vk,xk]vkSj ;fn tsB laor~~ 1832 esaa ekuk tk, rks ek?k laor~~ 1831 esaa vk,xkAtsB ls ek?k rks ,d gh o"kZ esaa vk ldrk gS ijUrq ek?k ls tsB ,d o"kZ eas ughaa vk ldrkAtsB laor~~ 1832 gS rks fexlj laor~~ 1832 ughaa gks ldrk D;ksaafd e;kZnki= ys[ku ohjHkk.k th ds x.k ckgj gksus ls iwoZ dh ?kVuk gSApwafd e;kZnki= dh frfFk lgh gS vr% ohjHkk.k th ds x.k ckgj dh ?kVuk laor~~ 1833 dh gh gksuh pkfg,AijUrq O;fDrxr ys[k i= esaa fcBkSM+k uke vk;k rks e;kZnki= ys[ku vkSj ;qokpk;Z ?kks"k.kk dk LFkku [ksjok rks ughaa gks ldrk gS]tgkWa laor~~ 1832 dk pkrqekZl FkkAD;ksaafd e;kZnki= pkrqekZl ds ckn dh ?kVuk gSA[ksjok ls fogkj dj lh/ks vkus ij fcBkSM+k vkus eas rhu ekg dk le; ughaa yx ldrkAvr% bldh laHkkouk Hkh vf/kd curh gS fd Lokeh th ikyh gksdj fcBkSM+k x, gksA,slk mYys[k feyrk gS fd [ksjok pkrqekZl ds 'ks"kdky eas Lokeh th xqUnop&xqUnkst x, FksAlaor~~ 1833 dk pkrqekZl Hkh Lokeh th us ikyh esaa fd;k Fkk]vr% iwoZ Hkwfedk ds rkSj ij [ksjok pkrqekZl ds ckn ikyh dqN le; :d dj fQj izokl dj xkaokas eas fopjrs gq, fcBkSM+k igqWaps gksaA

eqfu ohjHkk.k th igys eqfu Fks ftUgkasus vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th ds fo:) fonzksg fd;k FkkAHkh[k.k th cM+h nwjn`f"V okys O;fDr FksAvr% bl fonzksg dks iuius nsuk ughaa pkgrs FksArqjUr bykt fd;kAikyh pwafd cM+k 'kgj rFkk O;kikfjd uxjh Fkh vr% bldh izfrfØ;k tkuuk Hkh vko’;d FkkAvr% bu lc fcUnqvkas ij fopkj djus ds i’pkr~~ ;g lgh yxrk gS fd ;qokpk;Z dh ?kks"k.kk vkSj izFke e;kZnki= ys[ku dk LFkku ikyh gh jgk gksxkA

,d ckr vkSj Hkh /;ku esaa vkrh gS ftls utjavankt ughaa fd;k tk ldrkAtgkWa Hkh e;kZnki= fy[kk x;k ogka lHkh larksaa dk dqN fnukasa dk Bgjko jgk gksxkAtSlk dh lkfgR; esaa feyrk gS fd izFke ys[k i= ij X;kjg lk/kqvkas ds gLrk{kj FksAlkf/o;ksaa ds gLrk{kj ughaa FksAbldk ;g rkRi;Z ughaa fd ml le; rd lkf/o;kWa Fkh gh ughaaAlaor~~ 1821 ls ysdj laor~~ 1832 ds fexlj ekg rd x.k eas 9 lkf/o;ka FkhAbldk vFkZ gS fd 20 lk/kq lkf/o;ksaa dh O;oLFkkA;g fcBkSM+k tSlh NksVh cLrh eas laHko ughaa yxrkAblls rks lR; ;gh yxrk gS fd izFke e;kZnki= ,oa ;qokpk;Z dh ?kks"k.kk dk LFkku ikyh gh FkkA

ikyh vFkok fcBkSM+k tgkWa Hkh fy[kk gks]vkt rsjkiaFk /keZ la?k esaa ;g ijaijk py iM+h gS fd ;qokpk;Z ?kks"k.kk ,oa izFke e;kZnki=]ftls lkeqfgd i= Hkh dgrs gSa]ys[ku dk LFkku fcBkSM+k gh ekuk tk jgk gSA

rsjkiaFk dk izFke fo/kku &

rsjkiaFk dk izFke ckj fo/kku laor~~ 1832 esaa ikyh ftys ds fcBkSM+k dyka esaa vk| vkpk;Z eqfu Hkh[k.k th ds }kjk ;qokpk;Z Hkkjheky th ds uke ls fy[kk x;k ftls izFke e;kZnki= vFkok lkeqfgd i= dgk tkrk gSAfo/kku ds fo/kkrk&fuekZrk ys[kd Lo;a vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th Fks bl fo/kku i= ij vkB lk/kqvkas ds gLrk{kj gaSAeqfu Vksdj th ds gLrk{kj ughaa gaS tcfd os ml le; x.k eas FksAbldk rkRi;Z gS fd ;k rks mUgas gLrk{kj djus ughaa vkrs Fks vFkok os fcBkSM+k ds ckgj FksA

ys[k i= ij gLrk{kj djus okys vkB lk/kqvkas ds uke bl izdkj gaS&

1-     eqfu Jh fFkjiky th

2-     eqfu Jh ohjHkk.k th

3-     eqfu Jh gjukFk th

4-     eqfu Jh lq[kjke th

5-     eqfu Jh fryksdpUn th

6-     eqfu JhpUnzHkk.k th

7-     eqfu Jh v[kSjke th

8-     eqfu Jh v.knksth

laor~~ 1832 fexlj lqnh rd x.k esaa Lokeh th lfgr dqy 20 lk/kq nhf{kr gks pqds FksAfo/kkrk Hkh[k.k th]Hkkjheky th dks fy[kk x;k rFkk Vksdjey th ds dkj.ko’k gLrk{kj ughaa gS rFkk vkB lk/kqvksaa ds gLrk{kj gSa 'ks"k uks lk/kq ;k rks fnokaxr gks pqds vFkok x.k ckgj gks x, FksAbu uks lk/kqvkas ds uke bl izdkj feyrs gSa&

1-     eqfu Jh QrsgpUn th&laor~~ 1831 esaa fnokaxrA

2-     eqfu Jh fy[keks th&laor~~ 1824&25 iwoZ x.k ckgjA

3-     eqfu Jh vejks th&laor~~ 1824&25 ls x.k ckgjA

4-     eqfu Jh eksthjke th&laor~~ 1824&25 nh{kk ds rqjUr ckn x.k ckgjA

5-     eqfu Jh f’kothjke th&laor~~ 1832 ds iwoZ gh x.k ckgjA

6-     eqfu Jh iuth&laor~~ 1832 ds iwoZ gh x.k ckgjA

7-     eqfu Jh larksd pUn th&laor~~ 1832 ds iwoZ gh x.k ckgjA

8-     eqfu Jh f’kojke th&laor~~ 1832 ds iwoZ lEHkor;k fnoaxr gks x,A

9-     eqfu Jh ux th&laor~~ 1832 ds iwoZ gh x.k ckgj vFkok fnoaxrA

izFke ys[k i= eas lkf/o;ksaa ds gLrk{kj ughaa gS ijUrq ^'kklu leqnz^ ds vuqlkj ml le; rd uks lkf/o;ka nhf{kr gks pqdh FkhAlkf/o;ksaa ds gLrk{kj ughaa gksus ds nks dkj.k /;ku eas vkrs gSaA,d&iq:"k iz/kku lekt O;oLFkk rFkk nwljk&gLrk{kj djuk u vkrk gksAlkf/o;kas ds v/;;u dh lqpk: O;oLFkk Hkh x.k esaa cgqr ckn esaa izkjEHk gqbZAbl le; rd rks lw= feyus esaa Hkh cM+h dfBukbZ FkhAoSls ml dky rd lekt esaa Hkh efgyk f’k{kk dh O;oLFkk ughaa ds cjkcj FkhA

vfUre e;kZnki= laor~ 1858&

;g rks izFke ys[k i= FkkAtSls tSls vko’;drk vuqHko gqbZ le; le; ij vusd ys[k i= curs x,Amudk vfUre ys[k i=&e;kZnki= laor~~ 1858 ek?k 'kqDyk lIreh 'kfuokj dk gSA

;g cM+s vk’p;Z dh ckr gS fd ys[k i= fy[kus okyk O;fDr dkSu gS\;g fdl frFkh dks fy[kk x;k\blesaa fdu fdu ds gLrk{kj gaS\;g rks tkudkjh gksrh gS ijUrq fdu fdu LFkkukas ij fy[ks x, ;g tkudkjh bu ys[ki=ksa ls vFkok vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th ds fyf[kr lkfgR; ls ughaa gksrh gSA;g ,d fopkj.kh; ckr gS fd Hkh[k.k th tSls nwjn`"Vk O;fDr ls ;g ckr dSls NwVhANwVuk dgus ij fo’okl ughaa gksrk D;kasfd Hkh[k.k th ls NwV rks ldrk gh ughaaAfuf’pr:i ls blds ihNs lekt dk vFkok rsjkiaFk /keZla?k dk dksbZ u dksbZ fgr vo’; fufgr gksxkAijUrq ;g fo"k; vuqla/kku dk vo’; gSA

vfUre ys[ki= laor~~ 1858 ek?k 'kqDyk lIreh dh frFkh dks rsjkiaFk /keZla?k esaa e;knkZegksRlo dh ,d ijaijk ds :i eas Lohdkj dj fy;k x;kAmlds ckn ls gh izfro"kZ ek?k 'kqDyk lIreh dks lHkh lar vkSj lfr;ka vkpk;Z ds lkfu/; esaa ,d LFkku ij ,d= gksrs gSa rFkk fo/kku e;knkZ i= dk okpu dj Lej.k djrs gaS rFkk mlh ds vuq:i pyus dk ladYi iqu% nksgjkrs gaSA

Jhen~ t;kpk;Z us Lokeh th }kjk fy[ks x, ys[k i= dh tksM+ dhAvfUre ys[k i= laor~~ 1858 ek?k lqnh lIreh 'kfuokj ij gLrk{kj djus okys X;kjg lk/kqvkas ds uke fy[ks gaS]ijUrq ckn esaa gLrk{kj djus okykas ds ughaaAlEHkor% eqfu gsejkt th vkSj jke th dqN le; i’pkr~~ igqWaps rFkk ml ys[k i= ij gLrk{kj fd,Abl izdkj ewy ys[ki= ij gLrk{kj djus okys lk/kqvkas dh la[;k rsjg gks xbZA

blh izdkj r`rh;kpk;Z eqfu jk;pUn th us Hkh[k.k th }kjk fyf[kr ewy ys[ki= dh izfrfyfi dh]ml ij gLrk{kj djus okyksaa ds rsjg rks ewy ys[ki= ds rFkk N% uke vkSj gSaA,slk yxrk gS fd N% lk/kqvkas ds uke ckn esaa mUgsaa iwNdj fy[k fy, x, gSaA;s dk;Z laor~~ 1860 eas&Lokeh th ds LoxZokl ds i’pkr~~ pkrqekZl lEkkfIr ds ckn fy[ks x,A

bu N% lk/kqvkas esaa ,d eqfu thoks th Fks tks flfj;kjh pkrqekZl ds le; Lokeh th ds lkFk FksAikap lk/kqvkas dk vU; LFkku ij pkrqekZl Fkk rFkk nks lk/kq&ukFkq th vkSj rkjk pUn th u feyus ij mudk LFkku [kkyh NksM+ fn;k x;kA

Jhen~ t;kpk;Z us bldk o.kZu bl izdkj fd;k &

^^ds;r lar Lokeh ikl u gqrka]

fr.k osyka v[kj dh;k ukaghA

fr.k L;wa cM+h ds;dka jka uke u?kkY;k]

R;ka iNs fy[;k rs ughaa b.k ekgh gksA

fHk{kq dj uka v{kj ns[kh]tksM+ jfplq[kdkjaA

mx.kh'kS ponS ekl oSlk[ks]'kqDy pkSFk 'kfuokj gksA**

Jhen~ t;kpk;Z us laor~~ 1859 eas ys[k i= dh tksM+ esaa <++ky 4&ewy 17

Xkka18]20 laor~~ 1914 oSlk[k 'kqDyk prqFkhZ 'kfuokj dks cukbZ FkhA

      ewy i=                                izfrfyih

1-     lq[kjke th                      1-eqfu Jh lq[kjke th&9

2-     v[kSjke th                      2-eqfu Jh v[kSjke th&10

3-                                    3-eqfu Jh lke th&21

4-     [kSrfl th                       4-eqfu Jh [kSrfl th&22

5-     gse th                          5-eqfu Jh jke th&23

6-     uku th                         6-eqfu Jh uku th&26

7-     jke th                          7-eqfu Jh os.khnkl th&28

8-     lq[k th                          8-eqfu Jh lq[k th&35

9-                                     9-eqfu Jh gsejkt th&36

10-   mnSjke th                      10-eqfu Jh mnSjke th&37

11-   [kq’kky th                      11-eqfu Jh dq’kky th&38

12-   vkSVks th                        12-eqfu Jh vkSVks th&39

13-                                   13-

14-   jk; pUn th                     14-eqfu Jh jk;pUn th&41

15-                                    15-

16-   Mwaxjlht                        16-eqfu Jh Mwaxjlht th&43

17-   Hkxth                           17-eqfu Jh thoks th&44

18-                                   18-eqfu Jh tkS/kks th&46

19-                                   19-eqfu Jh Hkx th&47

20-                                    20-eqfu Jh HkkxpUn th&48

21-                                   21-eqfu Jh Hkksi th&49

bl ys[k i= ij Hkh lkf/o;kas ds gLrk{kj ughaa gaSAijUrq bl le; 27 ds vkl ikl lkf/o;ka FkhA

                       

                      e;kZnki=&laor~ 1832 o laor~ 1858   

       

tSlk dh iwoZ eas fy[kk x;k gS fd fdlh Hkh ys[k i= ij LFkku dk uke fy[kk ughaa feyrkA;|fi laor~~ 1859 dk pkrqekZl Lokeh th us ikyh esaa gh fd;k Fkk]mlds ckn mudk fogkj izk;% pk.kksn o ihikM+ ds e/;orhZ {ks=kas eas gqvk FkkAvr% laHkkouk ;g yxrh gS fd laor~~ 1859 dk ys[k i= ikyh esaa gh fy[kk x;k gksxkAijUrq fuf’pr:is.k fu.kZ; ughaa fd;k tk ldrk fd ;s ys[ki= ikyh eas gh fy[kk x;kA

laor~~ 1832 fexlj cnh lIreh dks tks ys[ki= vFkkZr~~ fo/kku cuk;k ftldh eq[; /kkjk,a bl izdkj Fkh&

1-     lHkh lk/kq lkf/o;kas dks ,d vkpk;Z&Hkkjheky dh vkKk eas pyukA

2-     'ks"k dky fogkj rFkk pkrqekZl vkpk;Z ds vkns’k ls djukA

3-     viuk viuk f’k";&f’";k u cukukA

4-     nh{kk vkpk;Z ds uke ls nsukA

5-     uo rRokas dk Kku djok dj nh{kk nsukA

6-     vkpkj dk lE;d~ izdkj ls ikyu djukA

7-     dksbZ lk/kq nks"k dk lsou djas rks rRdky mls dguk izk;f’pr nsukA

8-     J)k vkpkj rFkk dYi dk dksbZ cksy le> esaa ughaa vk, rks vkpk;Z rFkk cqf)eku lk/kq ls iwNdj fu.kZ; djukA

9-     dksbZ lk/kq la?k ls vyx gks tk, rks mls lk/kq er le>uk]pkj rhFkZ eas ughaa fxuukA

10-   lk/kq lkf/o;kas dh ijLij mrjrh&vkykspukRed ckr er djukA

11-   vkpk;Z ftls&xq: HkkbZ vFkok f’k";]viuk mrjkf/kdkjh pqus mls lgt Lohdkj djukAbR;kfnA

Lkkeqfgd ys[ki= laor~~ 1832 la[;k&1

fo’ks"k&vkpk;Z ls nh{kk i;kZ; eas tks lk/kq cM+s gksrs gSa os xq: HkkbZ vkSj tks NksVs gksrs gSa os f’k"; dgykrs gaSA

eqfu ohjHkk.k th ds i`Fkd gksus ds ckn LOkkeh th us ,d fy[kr&O;fDrxr Øe la[;k&6 laor~~ 1832 ds tsB lqnh X;kjl dks fd;k mleas fy[kk gS fd ohjHkk.k de ls de vkBosa rFkk vf/kd ls vf/kd nlosa izk;f’pr~ dk Hkkxh gSAog bl izk;f’pr~ dks ys rHkh mls lk/kq le>uk]vU;Fkk ughaaAbl ys[ki= ij eqfu Jh fFkjiky th]gjukFk th]Hkkjheky th]pUnzHkk.k th]lq[kjke th]fryksdpUn th]v.knksth vkSj v[kSjke th ds gLrk{kj gaSA

O;fDrxr ys[ki= laor~~ 1832 Øe la[;k 6]7]8rFkk x.k fo’kqf)dj.k gktjh 17 oha ds vk/kkj ls tkudkjh feyrh gS&iuth x.k ls igys vyx gq, ;k dj fn, x, vkSj ckn esaa ohjHkk.k th dks vyx fd;k x;kAmlds ckn os nksukas lkstr eas feysAohjHkk.k th us iuth dks tks ckrsaa dgh os lc iuth us Lokeh th ls vkdj dghA

bl izdkj vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th us x.k esaa vuq’kklu j[kus]lqO;oLFkk cukus rFkk lqla?kfBr djus ds fy, tgkWa lkeqfgd ys[ki= vFkkZr~~ e;kZnki= laor~~ 1832 ,oa laor~~ 1859 esaa fy[kk ogha vkfUrfjd O;oLFkvkas dks Bhd djus]xyr ijaijk,a fuekZ.k ughaa gksus nsus ds fy, O;fDrxr ys[ki= Hkh fy[ksA;s lHkh ys[ki= ,d izdkj ls rsjkiaFk /keZla?k dk lafo/kku cu x;kA

rsjkiaFk /keZla?k izFke /keZla?k gS tgkWa laoS/kkfud O;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA19 oha vkSj 20 oha 'krkCnh eas ftl vk/kqfud O;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k jk"Vªkas dks lqxfBr cukus ds fy, txr ds jk"Vª fuekZrkvksa us ,oa jktuhfrKksa us lkspk mlh O;oLFkk dks vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th us 18 oha lnh esaa dk;Z:i esaa ifj.kr dj MkykA

vU; izpfyr tSu ijaijkvkas eas ,sls fdlh Hkh e;kZnki= dk mYys[k ughaa feyrkAvkpk;Z us tks ijaijk cuk nh ogh lR; gSAijUrq ;gkWa rks vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th us ,sls e;kZnki= dk fuekZ.k fd;k tks Hkkoh vkpk;kZsa ij Hkh ykxw gksrk gS]os Hkh bl e;knkZ ls ca/ks gq, gSaA

vkpk;Z rqylh us izFke lafo/kku i= dks vk/;kRe ra= dk u;k vkfo"dkj dh laKk nh gSAmUgkasus fy[kk gS&^^,d ,d lk/kq dks og lafo/kku vPNh rjg ls fn[kk dj mudh gkfnZd lgefr izkIr dj izR;sd ds ml ij gLrk{kj djok,A;g izfØ;k u ,d ra= eas gksrh gS vkSj u tura= esaaAbl n`f"V ls dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th us vk/;kRe ra= dk u;k vkfo"dkj fd;kA;g fdlh Hkh /keZ ra= ds fy, vkn’kZ cu ldrk gSA**

**lafo/kku lqfo/kku c.kkdj lc lark us voxfr nh]

vyx vyx fn[kyk lkjk jh gkfnZd Hkkos lgefr yh]

gks lark!uwru vk/;kRe ra= jks vkfo"dkj gksAA**

e;kZnkegksRlo dk 'kqHkkjEHk&

vkt vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th ds fuokZ.k dks iwjs 200 o"kZ gks pqds gSa ijUrq rsjkiaFk /keZla?k vkt Hkh muds }kjk fy[ks ys[k i= ls e;kfnZr gSAizfro"kZ ek?k 'kqDyk lIreh dks vkpk;Z lfgr lHkh lar lfr;ka mlh e;kZnki= dk okpu djrs gSa rFkk izfro"kZ ml e;kZnk ij pyus dk ladYi djrs gaSA;gh dkj.k gS fd vkt Hkh rsjkiaFk /keZla?k O;ofLFkr]vuq’kkflr]la?kfBr ,oa thoUr /keZla?k fn[kkbZ nsrk gSAflfj;kjh&ikyh pkrqekZl laor~~ 2061 esaa /keZla?k ds nloas vkpk;Z]vkpk;Z egkizK th rFkk ;qokpk;Z egkJe.k th ds lkfu/; esaa vk| vkpk;Z Jh Hkh[k.k th dh fuokZ.k dh f}’krkCnh fo’kky iSekus ij lEiUu dh tks fuf’pr gh rsjkiaFk ds foLrkj ,oa mldh O;kidrk rFkk txr esaa mlds izHkko dks izdV djus ds fy, i;kZIr gSA

                       thou la?k"kZ&lR; dh fot;& 

cxM+h vfHkfu"Øe.k ds i’pkr~~ Lokeh th dks vusd izdkj ds dMs+ ls dM+s fojks/kksa dk lkeuk djuk iM++k Fkk]ijUrq vkRefot; dh vkdka{kk ysdj pyus okys Lokeh th us dHkh Hkh fojks/kkas dh ijokg ughaa dh oju~ iw.kZ la;e ,oa /kS;Z ds lkFk mudk eqdkcyk djrs jgsA

laor~~ 1832 ds vkrs vkrs mudk x.k [kM+k gks x;kAvc fojks/kkas dk osx de rks vo’; gks x;k ijUrq vojks/k iwjh rjg 'kkUr ughaa gq, FksAyksxkas dh ekufldrk cnyus yxh FkhAyksx Lokeh th ds fudV vkdj muds er dks le>us dk iz;kl djus yxs FksAlEiw.kZ lekt cM+h ftKklk ls Lokeh th dh vksj ns[kus yxk FkkALokeh th dk fojks/k djus okys ,oa nwj [kM+s jgdj ns[kus okys vusd ifjokj Lokeh th ls xq: /kkj.kk ysdj muds vuq;k;h cuus esaa viuk vgksHkkX; le>us yxsA

lkekU;r% O;fDr ds thou esaa izeq[k leL;k LFkku]oL= vkSj vkgkj&ftls vkt dh Hkk"kk eas jksVh]diM++k edku dgrs gSa]dh jgrh gSAvfHkfu"Øe.k ds ckn Lokeh th dks Hkh bu rhukas leL;kvksa ls >wa>uk iM++kAijUrq foftfx"kq izd`fr ls pyus okys lk/kd dks ;s leL;k,a dHkh ekxZP;wr ughaa dj ldrhALokeh th ds fo:) fd, tkus okys nq"izpkj ds izokg eas cgdj yksxkas }kjk O;fDrd :i ls rFkk tgkWa laHko gks ldk ogka lkekftd :i ls muds fo:) vusd izfrca/k yxk, tkrs jgsA;gh dkj.k gS fd izkjfEHkd ikap o"kkasZ rd Lokeh th dks vR;f/kd leL;kvkas ,oa d"Vkas eas ls xqtjuk iM++k FkkAbl n`f"V ls dqN mnkgj.k ns[kus ,oa le>us ;ksX; gSaA

ikyh izFke pkrqekZl laor~~ 1823 esaa Lokeh th ds lkeus LFkku dh leL;k [kM+h gqbZA,d nqdku feyh ijUrq fojksf/k;kas ds HkM+dkus ls [kkyh dj nwljh nqdku ij tkuk iM++kAvkpk;Z j?kqukFk th lfgr muds leFkZd ihNs iM++s+ jgsAijUrq nwljk nqdku ekfyd nqdku [kkyh djokus ds fy, fdlh Hkh Hkkafr rS;kj ughaa FkkA;gkWa rd dh cktkj Hkko ls nqxquk fdjk;k nsus dk izLrko Hkh j[kk ijUrq nqdku ekfyd us Lohdkj ughaa fd;kAikyh ds gkfde dks ijs’kkuh esaa Mkyk x;k ijUrq gkfde Hkh ;g vU;k; djus ds fy, rS;kj ughaa gqvkA

blls iwoZ izFke pkrqekZl dsyok laor~~ 1817 dh ?kVuk dk o.kZu vk pqdk gSAva/ksjh vksjh dk pkrqekZl vfHk’kki ds LFkku ij ojnku lkfcr gqvkA;g Lej.k djokus dh vko’;drk ughaa gS fd vfHkfu"Øe.k ds rqjUr i’pkr~~ la?k dh vku o vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ds fojks/k ds dkj.k 'ke’kku Hkwfe tSrflag th dh Nrjh ij jguk iM++k FkkA

mn;iqj ls fu"dklu&tc egkjk.kk dks viuk vkns’k okfil ysuk iM++k&

lEHkor;k laor~~ 1835 ds vkesV pkrqekZl ds ckn dh ?kVuk gSALokeh th 'ks"k dky esaa mn;iqj i/kkjs FksAxos"k.kk djus ij ekSds dk dkQh vPNk LFkku fey x;k Fkk]blls Lokeh th ds ikl yksxkas dk vkxeu dkQh vPNk gksus yxkAfojksf/k;kas dks ;g dSls cnkZ’r gks ldrk Fkk\mUgkasus Hkh[k.k th dks mn;iqj ls ckgj fudkyus dh ;kstuk cukbZA;kstuk ds vUrxZr dqN izHkko’kkyh O;fDr;ksaa dks lkFk ysdj os egkjk.kk dh lsok esaa igqWaps rFkk myVh iqyVh ppkZ dj mUgsaa iwjh rjg ls Hkzfer dj MkykAvc D;k Fkk\fcuk dqN vf/kd lksps fopkjs egkjk.kk us vkns’k fudky fn;k fd Lokeh Hkh[k.k th dks rqjUr mn;iqj NksM++dj pys tkus dk dg fn;k tk,A

egkjk.kk dk vkns’k gjdkjk us vkdj Lokeh th dks fn;kAbl vizR;kf’kr vkns’k ls Lokeh th dks vk’p;Z vo’; gqvk]ijUrq lkFk vk, yksxkas dks ns[kdj mUgas le>rs nsj ughaa yxhALokeh th fdfUpr Hkh {kqC/k ughaa gq, rFkk lgt Hkko ls rqjUr mn;iqj ls fogkj dj fn;kA

;|fi egkjk.kk dk vkns’k Lokeh th ds vuq;kf;;ksaa dks cM+k viekutud yxk rFkkfi os D;k dj ldrs Fks\Lokeh th ds vuq;kf;;kas eas u rks dksbZ cM+k izHkko’kkyh O;fDr Fkk vkSj u gh dksbZ cM+k lEifroku O;fDrAijUrq mUghaa eas ls ,d eu th iksjoky Hkh Fks tks ekjokM+ ls vkdj dqN gh le; ls mn;iqj esaa cls Fkss rFkk O;olk; dj jgs FksAmUgkasus eu gh eu ,d iz;kl djus dk lkspkAbl ?kVuk us mudks cgqr {kqC/k dj fn;k FkkA,d fnu egkjk.kk ls feyus dk fu.kZ; fd;kAos jkT; lHkk eas igqWapsAu, O;fDr dks ns[k egkjk.kk us mUgas vius lehi cqyk;kAutjkuk is’k dj eu th iksjoky us fuosnu fd;k&vUunkrk!xqLrk[kh ekQ gksAvki ds jkT; esaa NksVs&cM+s]xjhc&vehj lHkh izdkj ds yksx fuHkZ; gksdj fuokl djrs gSaAmuesaa vPNs Hkh gSa vkSj cqjs HkhAtc rd jkT; ds ladV dh fLFkfr [kM+h djus eas O;fDr dh Hkwfedk ughaa fn[kkbZ nsrh rc rd jkT; fdlh Hkh izdkj dk gLr{ksi ughaa djrk&;g esokM+ dh txr izfl) ijaijk gSA

egkjk.kk us rRdky dgk&gka!;s rks fcydqy Bhd gSAeu th iksjoky us rqjUr dgk&vUunkrk!fQj Hkh[k.k th ,oa muds lkFk vk, larkas dks uxj R;kx dk vkns’k nsuk esokM+ dh ijaijk ds vuqdwy dSls gks ldrk gS\

egkjk.kk xaHkhj gks x,Abl leL;k ij bruh xgjkbZ ls mUgkasus fopkj gh ughaa fd;k FkkAckr le> esaa vkrs gh mUgas bldk cM+k i’pkrki gqvk fd dSls yksxkas dh HkzkUr /kkj.kkvkas ls Hkzfer gksdj mUgksaus ;g vkns’k fudkykAmUgsaa yxk fd muls ?kksj iki gks x;kAlarkas ds vieku dk fopkj vkrs gh os ,dckjxh rks flgj mBsAizdh.kZi= laxzgi= 28 ds vk/kkj ij egkjk.kk us viuk iwoZ vkns’k rqjUr okil ys fy;k rFkk eu th ds lkFk vius fo’oklh O;fDr;kas dks Hkst dj Lokeh th ls [ksn izdV djrs gq, mUgsaa iqu% mn;iqj i/kkjus dk fuosnu djok;kA

Lokeh th mn;iqj ls fogkj dj csnyk pys x, FksAegkjk.kk ds mDr fuosnu ij iqu% mn;iqj i/kkjsA

tc Jkodksaa us ukFk}kjk NksM++us dk fu.kZ; fd;k&

laor~~ 1843 esaa Lokeh th us ukFk}kjk pkrqekZl fd;kA/khjs /khjs lHkh {ks=ksaa eas Lokeh th ds 'kq) ,oa vdkV~; rdksZa }kjk /keZ dh O;k[;k djus ls izHkkfor yksx Lokeh th ds er ds vuq;k;h curs tk jgs FksALokeh th ds c<+++rs izHkko dks ns[k ikuk b";kZyq yksxkas dks Lohdkj ughaa FkkAvr% Lokeh th dk ukFk}kjk pkrqekZl dSls Hkax gks blds fy, "kM;U= djus yxs]ubZ ubZ ;kstuk,a cukus yxsA

bl o"kZ o"kkZdky eas ukFk}kjk {ks= eas o"kkZ cgqr de gqbZ FkhAcl vc D;k Fkk\cgkuk fey x;kArqjUr dqN izHkko’kkyh yksxksaa dks lkFk eas ysdj fojks/kh yksx ukFk}kjk ds 'kkld xkSlkabZZ th ds ikl igqWapsAxkSlkabZZ th ds le{k gkFk tksM+ fuosnu fd;k&egkjkt!ukFk}kjk ,oa vkl ikl ds {ks=kas eas gkgkdkj epk gSAo"kkZ ughaa gksus ls fdlkuksa dh [ksrh lw[k jgh gSAdqvkas dk ikuh xgjk gks x;k]rkykc lw[k jgs gS]blls ihus ds ikuh dh deh gks xbZ gSA;fn gkykr ,sls gh jgs rks yksxkas dks ukFk}kjk NksM++dj tkuk iM++sxkA

  

laor~ 1843 ukFk}kjk pkrqekZl vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dks xkslkabZ th }kjk fHktok;k x;k fu"dklu i= nsrs gq, gjdkjkA

o"kkZ dh deh ds dkj.k xkSlkabZZ th igys ls gh fpfUÙkr FksAvc rks ;s lekpkj lqudj ijs’kku gks x,AmUgksaus dgk&ckr rks Bhd gS]ijUrq vc fd;k D;k tk,\

fojksf/k;kas }kjk nkxk x;k rhj Bhd fu’kkus ij yxkAfojksf/k;kas us o"kkaZas ls lekt esaa tSfu;ksa ds fo:) pyus okyh O;FkZ dh ckrkas dks vk/kkj cukrs gq, dgk&egkjkt!tc rd ;s eaqg iV~Vh okys lk/kq bl uxj esaa jgasxs]o"kkZ dSls gks ldrh gS\vr% ;fn o"kkZ pkgrs gSa]rks bu eqag iV~Vh okys lk/kqvkas dks rqjUr ukFk}kjk ls ckgj fudyus dk vkns’k fudkfy,A

xkSlkabZZ th Hkzfer gks x,Ao"kkZ ds vHkko esaa os ijs’kku rks igys ls gh Fks vr% mUgksaus rqjUr vkns’k fudkyk fd eqag iV~Vh okys lHkh lk/kq rqjUr ukFk}kjk NksM++dj pys tk,A

gjdkjs xkSlkabZZ th dk vkns’k ysdj lh/ks mu yksxkas ds lkFk vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th ds ikl igqWap dj vkns’k fn[kk;kAvkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dks ckr le>rs nsj ughaa yxh]D;kasfd bl izdkj dh ;g igyh okjnkr rks Fkh ughaaAmUgsaa u rks dksbZ vk’p;Z gqvk vkSj u gh fdlh izdkj dk {kksHkAlHkh lk/kq larksaa dks rS;kj dj Hkh[k.k th us rqjUr 'kkUr Hkko ls dksBkfj;k dh vksj fogkj dj fn;kA

;gkWa ,d fo’ks"k ?kVuk ?kfVr gks xbZAT;ksaafg vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ds f’k"; lk/kqvkas us viuh lQyrk dk ;g lekpkj lqquk fd Hkh[k.k th dks ukFk}kjk NksM++us ds vkns’k gks x, gaS rFkk Hkh[k.k th vkfn lk/kq fogkj dj m/kj ls gh fudy jgs gaS]rks reklk ns[kus ds fy, dqN lk/kq LFkkud ds eq[; }kj ls ,oa dqN lk/kq f[kM+fd;ksaa esaa [kMs+ gksdj bl fLFkfr dk vkuUn ysuk pkgrs FksA

Lokeh th tc LFkkud ds ikl ls xqtj jgs Fks rks os lk/kqvkas ds fudV tk dj lgt Hkko ls Kkr vKkr Hkko ls gqbZ fdlh izdkj dh dVqrk ds fy, [ker[kke.kk djrs gq, vkxs c<++ x,A

gjdkjs rqjUr gjdr eas vk x,ALFkkud esaa Hkh tc eqag iV~Vh okys lk/kqvkas dks ns[kk rks ogka vkdj mUgsaa Hkh fudyus dk vkns’k fn[kk;k rFkk dgk&vki yksxkas dks Hkh ;gkWa Bgjus dh vkKk ughaa gS vr% ;gkWa ls rqjUr pys tk,A

mu lk/kqvksaa us gjdkjkas dks le>kus dk iz;kl fd;k fd ;g vkns’k ge yksxkas ds fy, ughaa dsoy rsjkiafFk;kas ds fy, gSAijUrq gjdkjs mudh fdlh Hkh ckr dks ekuus ds fy, rS;kj ughaa FksAmuds dqN yksx xkSlkabZZ th ds ikl nkSM+s ijUrq xkSlkabZZ th us Li"V dgk&eqag iV~Vh okys lk/kqvkas us ;fn o"kkZ jksd j[kh gS]rks muesaa ls ,d dks fudkyk tk, nwljs dks ughaa];s U;k; laxr dSls gks ldrk gS\cSpkjs vius gh "kM~;a= esaa Qal x,Afoo’k gksdj mUgsaa Hkh ukFk}kjk NksM+uk iM++kA

bl ?kVuk us uo nhf{kr rsjkiaFk ds Jkod Jkfodkvkas eas cM+h izfrfØ;k iSnk dhAukFk}kjk ds Jkodksaa eas vusd Jkod vPNs izfrf"Br ,oa Jh lEiUu FksAmUgas xkSlkabZZ th dk ;g vkns’k viekutud yxkAlk/kq larkas ds rks D;k eku vkSj D;k viekuAos rks blls Åij gksrs gSaAijUrq Jkod lekt bls dSls cnkZ’r djsa fd dksbZ >wBk nks"k yxkdj fdlh dks viekfur djsaaA;fn ;g ijaijk cu xbZ rks ges’kk ijs’kkuh Hkksxuh iM++sxhAlEiw.kZ Jkod lekt us fey cSBdj ;g fu.kZ; fy;k fd tgkWa gekjs xq:nso dk ,slk vieku gqvk gks ogkWa Jkodkas dks ,d {k.k ds fy, Hkh ughaa :duk pkfg,Avieku ds ?kwaV ihdj jgus dh ctk, rks ej tkuk vf/kd Js;Ldj gSA

ukFk}kjk ds Jkodksaa eas ml le; nkÅ th rysljk ,d izfl) ,oa izfrf"Br O;fDr ekus tkrs FksAJh lEiUu Hkh Fks rFkk vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th ds vuU; HkDr Hkh FksAmudk dguk Fkk fd LOkkeh th dk fu"dklu dsoy mudk ughaa ge Jkodkas dk Hkh ?kksj vieku gSA

Jh nkÅ th rysljk ds usr`Ro esaa lHkh Jkodksaa us ftuesaa vf/kdka’k O;kikjh Fks]viuk lkeku cka/kdj xkfM+;ksa eas Hkjdj uxj NksM++us dh fl)rk dj yhAxkkfM;ksa dks iwjh lqj{kk eas dksBkfj;k dh vksj jokuk dj nh rFkk muds ifjokjksa dks Hkh mu xkfM+;ksa ds lkFk gh jokuk dj fn;kAb/kj lHkh dks fonk dj nkÅ th vkfn Jkod ?kj nqdkukas dh pkfc;ka ysdj xkSlkabZZ th ls vkKk ysus igqWapsAxkSlkabZZ th dks vfHkoknu dj pkfc;ka muds lEeq[k j[k nhA

                 

ukFk}kjk ls dksBkfj;k fogkj djrs gq, vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th vkSj larA

xkSlkabZZ th dks dqN le> esa ugha vk;kAmUgksaus nkÅth ls iwNk&;g D;k gS\fdl dkj.k vki ,slk dj jgs gS\

nkÅth us mrj fn;k&vkius gekjs /keZxq: Lokeh Hkh[k.k th dks fudky fn;k gS],slh fLFkfr esa gekjk vc ;gkWa jguk laHko ugha gSA

xkSlkabZZ th us dgk&mUgsaa fudkyuk rks iztk fgr ds fy, vko’;d Fkk]D;kasfd os o"kkZ ughaa gksus ns jgs Fks rFkk os n;k nku ds fojks/kh gSaAblh izdkj dh vU; f’kdk;rsa gSaA

nkÅ th cM+s xaHkhj]le>nkj vkSj mŸkjnk;h O;fDr FksAos ;g tkurs Fks fd xkSlkabZZ th ds efLr"d eas ;fn ;s HkzkfUr;ka teh jg xbZ rks ijs’kkuh fQj Hkh cjkcj cuh jgsxhAvr% HkzkfUr;kas dk lek/kku gksuk vko’;d gSAvr%mUgksaus xkSlkabZZ th dks dgk&egkjkt!vki rks ekfyd gSaAD;k ;g mfpr ughaa Fkk fd vki nwljs i{k dks cqykdj Hkh mudh ckr lqursAdsoy ,d i{k dh HkzkUr /kkj.kkvkas ds o’khHkwr gksdj vkius fu.kZ; dj fy;kAnksukas i{kkas dh ckr lqudj fQj ns[krs lR;klR; D;k gS\tks lar ,d phaVh dks Hkh d"V ughaa nsrs]os Hkyk dSls nku&n;k ds fojks/kh gks ldrs gaSAo"kkZ dks jksddj dSls yk[kksa izkf.k;kas dks ihfM+r dj ldrs gSaAblh izdkj Lokeh th ls lacfU/kr vusdkas izlax]rdZ],oa ppkZ djrs gq, nkÅ th us xkSlkabZZ th dks iwjh tkudkjh nsus dk iz;kl fd;kA

vc xkSlkabZ th dks lEiw.kZ fLFkfr le> esaa vk xbZAmUgas cgqr i’pkrki gqvkAeu eas cM+h ihM+k gqbZ fd O;FkZ gh funkZs"k lk/kq dks uxj fu"dklu dk vkns’k nsuk iM++kAbl vU;k;iw.kZ vkns’k ds dkj.k xkSlkabZZ th cM+s O;fFkr gq,AxkSlkabZZ th Hkh vkf[kj oYyHk laiznk; ds izeq[k ,oa /kkfeZd O;fDr Fks]lar iq:"k Fks ,oa iaFk ds izeq[k vkpk;Z Fks]os ek= iz’kklfud vf/kdkjh ughaa FksA

xkSlkabZZ th us iwoZ vkns’k dks rqjUr okfil ys fy;kAbl ij dqN gjdkjkas dks fHktok dj lkeku ls Hkjh xkfM;ka tks dksBkfj;k ds jkLrs eas cukl unh ds rV rd igWaqp xbZ Fkh]ykSVk fy;kAxkSlkabZZ th us Jh nkÅ th rysljk lfgr lHkh Jkodksaa ls dgk&Lokeh th dk fu"dklu esjh Hkwy FkhAeaS viuh Hkwy lq/kk:xka]vki yksxksaa dks dgha tkus dh t:jr ughaaAxkSlkabZZ th tkurs Fks fd fdlh Hkh uxj dh 'kku ogka ds izfrf"Br O;kikjh&O;olk;h gksrs gSaAegktukas dk xkao ;k uxj ls iyk;u dk lh/kk vlj ogka dh 'kkldh; vkenuh&jktLo ij Hkh gksrk gSAvr% xkSlkabZZ th ;g lc gkfu dSls Lohdkj dj ldrs Fks\xkSlkabZZ th us vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dks gjdkjksa ds lkFk dksBkfj;k lans’k fHktok;k fd Hkzeo’k ,slk vkns’k fudy x;k]mldk gesaa [ksn gSAd`i;k okfil ukFk}kjk i/kkjsaA

Lokeh th us dgk&vc pkrqekZl dky esaa ckj ckj b/kj m/kj izokl mfpr ughaaA

pkrqekZl dk vof’k"B dky mUgksaus ogha dksBkfj;k eas chrk;kALokeh th us *fojr&vfojr jh pkSibZ^]^pksFkh <++ky dh jpuk^ vkf’ou d`".kk n’ke~ dks ukFk}kjk eas lEiUu dh rFkk ^uoeh <++ky^ dh jpuk vkf’ou 'kqDyk pkSnl dks dksBkfj;k eas dhA

mDr mYys[k ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd Lokeh th vkf’ou d`".kk n’ke~ rFkk vkf’ou 'kqDyk pkSnl ds chp fdlh fnu dksBkfj;k i/kkjsAxkSlkabZZ th ds vkns’k eas ls bl frFkh dk Kku gks ldrk gS];fn vkns’k dh izfr miyC/k gks tk, rksA

oL=&vkgkj dh leL;k&

oSls rks lk/kq larkas dks dqy feykdj fdruk lk diM++k yxrk gS]ijUrq ftruk Hkh yxrk gS mruk Hkh feyuk ml le; Lokeh th ds fy, cM+k dfBu FkkA;g fojks/kh okrkoj.k dk ifj.kke FkkA

ijUrq oL=kHkko Hkh vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th ds pgjs dh dkafr ,oa c<+++rs dneksa ds mRlkg dks de ughaa dj ik;kAD;k egkohj ds rkjrkj gq, oL= egkohj ds rhFkZadj dh vksj c<+++rs dnekas dks jksd ik,\ughaaAegkohj vkSj vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th oL=kas ds eksgrkt ughaa FksAoL=ksa ls mudh 'kksHkk ughaa Fkh cfYd oL= egkohj vkSj vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dh d`ik ls lq’kksfHkr FksA

fdruk Hkh dBksj O;fDr gks Hkw[k mls rksM+ Mkyrh gSAbfrgkl lk{kh gS fd jksVh us lkezkT; ds lkezkT; iyV Mkys]vPNs vPNs cM+s cM+s dgykus okys O;fDr;ksaa dk vkt Vds Vds esaa bZeku fcdrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSAijUrq**lc tu gksr u ,d lekuk**Avkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th mu nqyZHk gqrkRekvksa eas ls ,d Fks ftUgkasus jksVh ds dfBu ladV esaa ls Hkh vius dks ,oa la?k dks fudky fy;kA

vfHkfu"Øe.k ds i’pkr~~ ikap o"kkasZ rd vkgkj dk cgqr d"V jgkA?kh pqiM+h rks nwj dh ckr :[kh lw[kh Hkh iwjh ughaa fey ikbZA

bl fLFkfr dk o.kZu djrs gq, Jhen~ t;kpk;Z us vius xzaFk ^fHkD[kq t’kjlk;u^ eas fy[kk gS&

^^ikap o"kZ ifgNk.k]vUu fi.k iwjks uk feY;ksA

cgqy i.kSoptk.k]?kh pkSiM++rks tkafg jg~;ksAA^^

,d ckj Lokeh th ls fdlh us iwNk&Lokeh th]xkspjh esaa ?kh vkfn [kwc feyrs gksaxs\

Lokeh th us rqjUr dgk&ikyh ds cktkj eas fcdrk rks izk;% izfrfnu ns[krs gSaA

rhu xkspjh&

Lokeh th ds fcykM+k i/kkjus ij lekt ds iapkas us viuk fojks/k izdV djus ds fy, izfrcU/k dh ?kks"k.kk dj nh&tks Hkh[k.k th dks jksVh nsxk mls izR;sd jksVh ij X;kjg lkekf;d n.M dh nh tk,xhA

bl fojks/k ds ckotwn Lokeh th ,d ekl rd fcykM+k :dsAHkh[k.k th us vius larkas dks dgk&dsoy egktuksa ij gh fuHkZj ughaa jgks]cfYd tSu vtSu lHkhs ds ;gkWa xkspjh djksA,d xkspjh xkao ls ckgj dh vksj clus okys [kkrh]dqEgkj]tkV]lhjoh vkfn tkfr;kas dh]nwljh lsoxkas ds ckl dh rFkk rhljh egktuksa dhAiwjk ;k v/kwjk]ftruk vkSj tSlk Hkh vkgkj mUgsaa feyk]mlh esaa larks"k djds os iwjs ekl Hkj fcykM+k esaa jgsAvkgkj dh leL;k dks mUgkasus dHkh vius ij gkoh ughaa gksus fn;kA

dhdh dk djrc&

Lokeh th ds izkjfEHkd fnukaas esaa gh dfBukb;ka jgh gks],slk ughaa gSAbu vHkkokas vkSj dfBukb;kas ds lkFk rks Lokeh th dk pkSyh nkeu dk lkFk jgk gSA

laor~~ 1856 ds vk"kk<+ ekl eas Lokeh th ukFk)kjk i/kkjsAbl le; rsjkiaFk dh fLFkfr dkQh etcwr gks pqdh FkhAlc nwj Jkod Jkfodkvkas dh i;kZIr la[;k gksus ds dkj.k fo’ks"k dfBukb;kaW ughaa FkhAfQj Hkh dgha dgha ,dvk/k ?kVuk ,slh ?kfVr gks gh tkrh Fkh tks le; le; ij lk/kq larkas dh lrdZrk dh ijh{kk djrh FkhAvkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dk Li"V vkns’k Fkk fd xkspjh djrs le; ;s dHkh er lkspks fd dkSu rsjkiaFkh gS]dkSu tSu vFkok dkSu vtSu gSAge xkspjh ds fy, tk,xs rks fojks/k Hkh gksxk rks Hkh og vius ls tqMs+xkAHkfDr dk ,d izdkj fojks/k ds }kjk Lej.k djuk Hkh rks gSAdal us d`".k dh fojks/k :i ls gh HkfDr dh FkhAbruh HkfDr&fojks/k fd mls lksrs tkxrs mBrs cSBrs gj {k.k d`".k gh d`".k fn[kkbZ nsrk FkkAdal dk fojks/k bruk izcy Fkk fd og d`".ke; gks x;k FkkA

?kVuk ukFk}kjk dh gSAml le; Lokeh th ds lkFk dkQh lk/kq vkSj lkf/o;ka FkhA^fHk{kq n`"Vkar^ ds vuqlkj ,d fnu lk/oh vtcq th&Jhen~ t;kpk;Z dh lalkj i{kh;k cqvk&fdlh ?kj esaa xkspjh ds fy, xbZ]ogkWa mUgas ?kh csjk;k x;kAnwljs ?kj eas xbZ ogka mUgsaa ?kkV csjkbZ xbZAvtcq th us ?kh okys ik= eas gh ?kkV ys yhAcgu us iwNk&vki fdl Vksys dh gaS\

           ukFk}kjk esa lk/oh vtcq th ls ?kh lfgr ?kkV okil ysrh gqbZ dhdhA

vtcq th us dgk&ge rks Hkh[k.k th ds Vksys dh gSaA;g lqurs gh cfgu us xqLls eas vkdj ?kkV Hkjk ik=k lk/oh th ls Nhu fy;k vkSj tksj ls cksyh&vjs jkaM+kas!rqe fiNyh ckj Hkh Hkwy gh Hkwy eas esjs ?kj ls vkgkj ys xbZ FkhAbl ckj fQj vk xbZ\ns nks esjh ?kkV okilAmlus vko ns[kk uk rko ik= dks >V mBk dj ?kh lfgr ?kkV okil vius crZu eas mMsy yhA

mldh iM++ksflu cztokfluh cfgu us mlls dgk&dkdh!;s D;k dj jgh gks\lk/kqvkas dks fn;k gqvk Hkh dgha dksbZ okil ysrs gS\

dhdh us xqLls ls mÙkj nsrs gq, dgk&;s Hkkstu esaa dqÙkkas dks Mky nwaxh fdUrq budks ugha nwaxhAlk/oh vtcq th ,d ne ldrs eas jg xbZAos lksp gh ugha ikbZ fd ;g lc D;k gks x;kAvtcq th us vkokl ij vkdj lkjh ?kVuk Lokeh th dks crkbZAHkh[k.k th us dgk&dfydky eas tks u gks tk, ogh de gSAvkt rd ,slh ?kVuk,a rks vusd gks xbZ fd dksbZ xkspjh u ns rks bUdkj dj nsa vFkok tkucw> dj v’kq) gksus dk cgkuk dj nas]fdUrq fn;k gqvk okil ysus dh ?kVuk rks ;gha lquus esaa vkbZ gSA

tc mDr ?kVuk dh tkudkjh yksxkas dks gqbZ rks yksx dhdh ds ifr dks fp<++kus yxs fd okg lkgc!nqdku ij rks rqe dekbZ djrs gks vkSj ?kj ij rqEgkjh iRuhAdhdh dk ifr cspkjk O;aX; lqudj cM+k yfTtr gksrk]ij dj D;k ldrk Fkk\

Lokeh th ds ije HkDr ,oa vuU; mikld Jkod 'kksHk th us bl ?kVuk ij ,d O;aX; fy[kk gS&

^^cknjlkg jh Mhdjh]dhdh Fkkjks ukeA

?kkV lfgr ?kh ys fy;ks]<++kyh dj fn;ks <+keAA^^

dgrs gaS O;fDr dks vius fd, dekasZ dk ifj.kke rks Hkksxuk gh iM++rk gS]ijUrq dfydky ,slk gS ftleas blh Hko esaa Hkqxrk fn;k tkrk gSA,slk gh dqN dhdh ds lkFk Hkh gqvkAj{kkca/ku ij mlds yM+ds dk nsgkUr gks x;kA mlds FkksMs gh fnu ckn mlds ifr dk Hkh nsgkUr gks x;kAbu nksuksaa ekSrkas ls dhdh ds eu dks cM+k vk?kkr yxkAvkfFkZd fLFkfr Hkh detksj iM+ xbZAvdsyh vkSj vkfFkZd n`f"V ls detksj og ekufld Dys"kkas ds vFkkg leqnz eas HkVdrh gqbZ fcydqy vdsyh jg xbZAdhdh dks yxk&eSaaus lkf/o;kas ds lkFk cqjk O;ogkj fd;k];s lc mlh dk ifj.kke gS&;g lksp lksp dj og vkReXykfu ls Hkj mBh]i’pkrki dh vfXu esaa tyus yxhA

rsjkiaFkh lk/kq lkf/o;ksaa eas dhdh dk uke vkSj mldk }s"k izfl) gks x;kAdbZ o"kkaZs i’pkr~~ dksbZ vifjfpr lk/kq dhdh ds ?kj xkspjh ds fy, x;kAdhdh us cM+h Hkkouk ds lkFk vkgkj cgjk;kA,slh Hkkouk vkSj HkfDr ns[k ml lk/kq us tc mldk ifjp; iwNk rks dhdh dh vk[kkas ls vfojy vkalq cgus yxsAjksrs jksrs og dgus yxh&D;k vki eq>s ughaa tkurs\eSaa og nq"V ikih"Bk dhdh gwWa]ftlus lkf/o;kas ds ik=s ls ?kh lfgr ?kkV okil ys yh FkhAeaSus viuh ml xyrh dh ltk viuk ifr vkSj iq= [kksdj Hkksxh gSA

lk/kq dks yxk fd xyrh gks xbZAos ykSVus dks eqM+s gh Fks fd dhdh us gkFk tksM+ fuosnu fd;k&egkjkt!ml fnu ds i’pkr~~ vki yksxkas us rks vkt gh esjs ?kj eas inkZi.k fd;k gSAvki vkrs jfg,xk ftlls esjk og iki dqN rks /kqysxkAijUrq dhdh dk ;g ifjorZu Lokeh th ds LoxZokl ds i’pkr~~ vk;kA

eaS gwa rks rsjkiaFkh lk/kq gh&

laor~~ 1856 dk pkrqekZl Lokeh th us ukFk}kjk eas fd;k FkkAvLoLFkrk ds dkj.k Lokeh th ogka rsjg ekl jgs FksAdhdh dh ?kVuk pkrqekZl ds dqN iwoZ dh FkhAvr% Lokeh th us lHkh dks funsZ’k fn, fd xkspjh vius Jkod ifjokjksa ls gh ykbZ tk,A

,d fnu gsejkt th eqfu us Lokeh th ls fuosnu fd;k&xkspjh fu"ks/k ls rks vU; yksxkas ds lkFk gekjk lEidZ lw= gh VwV tk,xkAvki vkKk nsa rks vU; ?kjkas eas Hkh xkspjh ds fy, eSaa tkus dk fopkj j[krk gwWA

Lokeh th us dgk fd }s"kHkko ds dkj.k fu"ks/k fd;k FkkAijUrq rqEgkjh bPNk gks rks Hkys gh tkvksA

eqfu gsejkt th eksgux<++ uked eqgYysa eas xkspjh ds fy, x,Aogka ,d ?kj esaa vkgkj ikuh dh ,s"k.kk dh rks cfgu us dgk&jksfV;ka rks ued ij iM+h gSA

bl ij eqfu gsejkt th esMh**Åijh eafty**okys ?kj eas x,Aogka ,d vU; ifjokj jgrk FkkA,s"k.kk djus ij mlus cgqr lkjh xyh dVh lqukbZ ij vkgkj Hkh cgjk;kAÅij vf/kd le; yxus ls uhps okyh cfgu us lkspk&;s lk/kq gekjs gh Vksys ds gSaAeqfu gsejkt th uhps vk, rc ml cfgu us Hkh vkgkj ysus ds fy, vkxzgiwoZd dgk&eSaaus vkidks rsjkiaFkh le>dj cgkuk fd;k FkkA

eqfu gsejkt th eqLdjk,mUgkasus dgk&cfgu!eaS gwWa rks rsjkiaFkh lk/kq ghAvkgkj rsjh bPNk gks rks nsa]pkgs ughaa nsaA

cfgu cM+h vleatl esaa Qal xbZAcfgu us cM+s yfTtr gksrs gq, vkgkj ns fn;kA

,d vU; ?kj esaa eqfu gsejkt th xkspjh ds fy, x, rks cfgu us dgk &eq>s rks rsjkiafFk;kas dks vkgkj nsus dk R;kx gSA

eqfu gsejkt th us cM+s 'kkUr Hkko ls dgk&dksbZ ckr ughaa]vkgkj nsus dk R;kx gS ij /kksou ikuh nsus dk rks R;kx ughaa gS\ogh cgjkvksA

cfgu viuh tqcku eas Qal xbZ]mlus ikuh cgjk fn;kA

eqfu gsejkt th us ykSVdj vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dks vius xkspjh ds vuqHko crk, rks os mudh lfg".kqrk vkSj O;ogkj dq’kyrk ls cM+s izlUu gq,A

Lokeh th ds thou esaa LFkku LFkku ij ,sls vusdksa izlax cus tks ;s n’kkZrs gaS fd dsoy izkjEHk eas gh ughaa rks Lokeh th ds fuokZ.k ds iwoZ rd Hkh vkgkj dk d"V dne dne ij jgk]ijUrq T;kas T;ksaa le; chrk]mŸkjksrj de vo’; gksrk x;kA

Hkh[k.k th dk lkeuk ugha dj ldrs&

eqfu cq)ey th us vius xzUFk ^rsjkiFk dk bfrgkl^ esaa Lokeh th dh fLFkfr dk cM+k lVhd o.kZu fd;k gSAmUgksaus fy[kk gS&

^^izkjfEHkd o"kkZsa esaa Lokeh th ds pkjkas vksj vHkkoksa ds ?ksjs cgqr lcy Fks ijUrq T;ksaa T;ksa le; chrrk x;k os Lor% gh <++hys gksrs x,Aftu egkiq:"kkas us mudks ml pØO;wg eas Qalk dj ijkLr djus dh ckr lksph Fkh]mUgas ;g irk ughaa Fkk fd thou laxzke dk ;s egku ;ks)k pØO;wg eas izfo"V gksuk gh ughaa]mldk Hksnu Hkh tkurk gSAvfHkeU;q dh rjg Lokeh th dks Hkh lc vksj ls ?ksjk x;k Fkk]ijUrq mUgsaa ,d {k.k ds fy, Hkh fu’kL= ughaa fd;k tk ldkAQyLo:i muds vxk/k 'kkL= Kku vkSj leFkZ rdZ cy ds lkeus lHkh egkjfFk;kas dks >qd tkuk iM++kAvHkkokas ds ?ksjs igys pjejk,aW vkSj fQj fNUu fofNUu gksdj fc[kj x,ALokeh th u dHkh vHkkoksa ls =Lr gq, vkSj u Hkkokas ls c)AmHk; fLFkfr;ksa ls fufyZIr jgdj mUgksaus ftl vkRefot; dh voLFkk dks izkIr fd;k Fkk]oLrqr% ogha muds thou laxzke dh egku fot; FkhA**

^^dksbZ Hkh egkunh vius mn~xe ij egkunh ughaa gksrh]ogka rks og ,d NksVs ls Jksr ds :i eas gh vorfjr gksrh gSAegkunh rks og rc curh gS tc mlesaaa lgL=kas lgL=kas vU; Jksr viuk vkJ; [kkstrs gSaAizokg dh mDr dgkuh gh Lokeh th ds thou dh dgkuh gSA**

vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th gh]tks muds xq: Fks]muds izcy fojks/kh lkfcr gq,Avkpk;Z t;ey th rks muds vuqdwy gh FksAijUrq ?kVukvksaa ls ,slk yxrk gS fd lHkh LFkkudoklh ijaijkvkas ij vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th dk opZLo FkkA;gh dkj.k gS fd tgkWa tgkWa Lokeh th dk fogkj gqvk]LFkkudokfl;kas us gh eq[; :i ls muds fo:) okrkoj.k [kM+k fd;kAbl fojks/kh okrkoj.k ds dkj.k LFkku]oL= vkSj vkgkj dh leL;k,a [kM+h gqbZAvU;Fkk Hkkjr tSls vk/;kfRed ns’k esaa lk/kq larkas ds fy, turk iyd ikaoMs+ fcNk,a [kM+h jgrh gS]LFkku]oL= vkSj vkgkj dh rks ckr gh D;k\vkpk;Z t;ey th dh vksj ls fdlh izdkj dh ck/kk,a dHkh [kM+h dh xbZ gks],slk dgha i<++us esaa ughaa vk;kA

Lokeh th dk fojks/k djus ds fy, vdsys vdsys vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th vleFkZ FksAmUgksaus vkpk;Z t;ey th ls HkasV dj mUgsa le>k;k&**ge cgqr gSa]os dsoy rsjg gh gaS]ge ;fn feydj eqdkcyk djsa rks mUgsa rwarMkas dh rjg fc[ksj nsaxsA**ijUrq vkpk;Z t;ey th us fdlh Hkh rjg vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th dh ckr ds lkFk lgefr izdV ughaa dhA

vkpk;Z t;ey th us vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th dks le>krs gq, dgk&^^ge yksx Hkh[k.k th dk eqdkcyk ughaa dj ldrsAos izcy vkxefoK gSaAmudk rdZcy izcy ,oa mRd`"V gS rFkk os viuh izR;sd ekU;rk dks vkxe dk vk/kkj nsrs gSaAos gekjh vkUrfjd nqcZyrkvkas ls iw.kZ:is.k ifjfpr gSa rFkk vkpkj eas os gels vf/kd n`<+++ gaSAblfy, ;ksX; ;gh gS fd ge 'kkUr Hkko ls cSB dj viuk dk;Z djsaa]mUgas u NsÅ+as vU;Fkk dgha ijkt; dk eqgaW u ns[kuk iM+ tk,A**vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th us vkpk;Z t;ey th dh lykg dh ijokg ughaa dh vkSj yEcs le; rd Hkh[k.k th dk ihNk fd;kAxkao xkao esa 'kkL=kFkZ dh /kwe epk nhAifj.kke ;g gqvk fd vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ds Jkod gh vf/kd la[;k esaa Lokeh th ds vuq;k;h cusAblesa vk’p;Z dh dksbZ ckr ughaa gS D;ksaafd vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dh dq.Myh esa blds y{k.k Li"V gSaAmlds vuqlkj budh dq.Myh esa yXu esa Lox`gh c`gLifr iape ?kj dks iw.kZ n`f"V ls ns[k jgk gSAiape LFkku esa cq/k vius firk ds ?kj ddZ jkf’k esa fe= lw;Z ds lkFk cSBk gSA,slh xzg fLFkfr okyk O;fDr vk/;kfRedrk ds lkFk lkFk viwoZ ckSf)d {kerk dk ekfyd gksrk gSAmldh rdZ 'kfDr izcy gksrh gS rFkk og fdlh Hkh okn fookn esa ijkftr ughaa gksrk D;ksaafd lR; mlds lkFk gksrk gSAdgk Hkh gS tgkWa lR; gS ogkWa fot; fuf’pr gSA

vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ds }kjk LFkku LFkku ij tcjnLrh dk fojks/k [kM+k fd;k tkrk jgkAoLrqr% bl fojks/k us vizR;{k :i ls Lokeh th ds izHkko {ks= dk foLrkj gh fd;kA

·        ^fHk{kq n`"VkUr^ ds vuqlkj ,d ckj mn;iqj esaa ,d vU; lEiznk; dk lk/kq Lokeh th ds ikl vk;k vkSj cksyk&**Hkh[k.k th!dksbZ ppkZ iwNksALokeh th us igys rks mls Vkyus dk iz;kl fd;k ij tc og cgqr vkxzg djus yxk rks Lokeh th cksys&vPNk crkvks rqe laKh gks ;k vlaKh\

lk/kq cksyk&laKhA

Lokeh th us iwNk&fdl U;k; ls\

Lkk/kq cksyk&fePNkehnqDd.M+a]eaS vlaKh gwWaA

Lokeh th&fdl U;k; ls\

Lkk/kq cksyk&ughaa ughaa!fePNkehnqDdM+a]eaS rks laKh ;k vlaKh nksuksaa gh ughaa gwaWA

Lokeh th&og Hkh fdl U;k; ls\

bl ij og lk/kq Øq) gksdj cksyk&rqeus U;k; U;k; dh jV yxk dj gekjs lkjs er dks gh fc[ksj fn;k]dgrs gq, Lokeh th dh Nkrh ij eqDdk ekjdj pyrk cukA

·        ihikM++ eas Lokeh th dk izHkko c<+++ jgk FkkAvusd O;fDr;ksaa us ogka xq:/kkj.kk yhA,sls gh ,d LFkkudoklh HkkbZ us Lokeh th ds ikl xq:/kkj.kk yh]mlds ?kj okykas dks tc bl ckr dk irk pyk rks mls cgqr /kedk;k vkSj cksys&rqeus ;s D;k ukle>h dk dke dj fy;kAHkh[k.k th ls tks xq:/kkj.kk Lohdkj dh og okil ns vkvksA

og Lokeh th ds ikl vkdj cksyk&vkius tks eq>s xq:/kkj.kk fnyokbZ rFkk R;kx djok, os okil ys yhft,]D;ksaafd esjs ?kj okys eq>s cgqr ijs’kku dj jgs gSaA

Lokeh th us dgk&rqe gh crkvks fd fn, gq, Mke D;k okil fy, tk ldrs gS\

blh izdkj u tkus fdruh gh rjg ls Lokeh th dks fojks/kkas dk lkeuk djuk iM++ jgk FkkA

·        ^fHk{kq n`"VkUr^ eas ,d ?kVuk feyrh gSAlaor~~ 1845 ihikM++ eas pkrqekZl py jgk FkkAogka ,d xSohjke pkj.k uked HkDr FkkAmlds ogka izfrfnu HktudhrZu gksrk Fkk vkSj og vkus okys yksxkas dks ykilh f[kykrkAdqN yksxkas us tks Lokeh th ds c<+++rs izHkko ls b";kZ j[krs Fks]mUgkasus ml HkDr dks cgdk;k fd rqe HkDrkas dks ykilh f[kykrs gks mleas Hkh[k.k th iki dgrs gSaA

;g lqudj xSohjke gkFk esaa ?kksVk ysdj iSjksa eas ca?ks ?kaq?k:vkas dks /kedkrk gqvk Lokeh th ds ikl vk;k vkSj cksyk&Hkh[k.k ckck!eSaa HkDrkas dks ykilh f[kykrk gwWa]mleas D;k gksrk gS\

Lokeh th rqjUr Hkkai x, fd gks u gks fojksf/k;kas dh gh dksbZ djrwr gSAvr% cksys&ykilh esaa ftruk xqM+ Mkyk tkrk gS mruh gh ehBh gksrh gSA

;g lqudj HkDr xSohjke cgqr izlUu gqvk vkSj ukpus yxk rFkk dgrk tk jgk Fkk&**Hkh[k.k ckcs Hkyks tkc fn/kks] Hkh[k.k ckcs Hkyks tkc fn/kksA^^

fojks/kh yksx ns[krs jg x,Amudh pky vlQy gks pqdh Fkh ijUrq eu gh eu mUgkasus fuf’pr gh lkspk gksxk fd nwjn’khZ ,oa dq’ky okdiVq gks rks Hkh[k.k th tSlk]ijUrq 'kekZ’kehZ esaa cksy ughaa ik,A

·        ^fHk{kq n`"VkUr^ eas ,d vkSj ?kVuk dk o.kZu feyrk gS]ftlds vuqlkj vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th tks/kiqj ds egkjktk ds eu dks Hkh[k.k th ds fo:) djuk pkgrs FksA?kVuk tks/kiqj 'kgj dh gSAvkpk;Z j?kqukFk th us Hkh[k.k th ls iwNk&njckj fot;flag th us rkykc vkSj dqvksa ij xyus**ikuh Nkuus dk oL=**Myok,]nhiksa ij <+Ddu fnyok,Wa]cw<+as eka ckikas dh lsok djuk],slk iM++g**f<+<+ksajk**fQjok;k]bR;kfn dk;ksaZ esaa jktk th dks D;k gqvk\

rc Lokeh th us muls iwNk&vki ujs’k dks lE;DRoh ekurs ;k feF;kRoh\D;kasfd esjh ekU;rk vuqlkj rks feF;kRoh O;fDr lr~ fØ;k djrk gS]mls /keZ gksrk gSa fdUrq vki mls v/keZ dk gsrq ekurs gksA

vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th us mldk dqN Hkh mÙkj ughaa fn;k D;kasfd os ujs’k dks lE;DRoh rks ekurs ughaa Fks vkSj feF;kRoh dgus ij mudh gj fØ;k v/keZe; fl) gks tkrhA

vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th cqjs Qals]ijUrq D;k djsaaAHkh[k.k th dks uhpk u fn[kk ldus dk eyky mUgsaa dpksVs tk jgk FkkA

Hkh[k.k th dks Nqjk ekj nwaW&

Lokeh th ds fo:) ml le; bruk fo"ke; izpkj fd;k Fkk fd lkekU; x`gLFk gh D;k]vusd eqfu;kas ds eu esa fo}s"k dh ,slh Tokyk HkM+d mBh Fkh]os muds izk.kkas ds I;kls gks x,Atxg txg 'kkL=kFkZ eass ijkt; us mudks vlUrqfyr dj fn;kAvc os cnyk dSls ys]dqN le> ughaa ik jgs FksA

,d ckj vU; lEiznk; ds eqfu us dgk&**;fn ,d Hkh[k.k th dks Nqjk ekj nwWa]rks gekjs ekxZ dh lc ck/kk,Wa lkQ gks tk,A^^

dkykUrj eas vkpkj lEcU/kh fdlh L[kyuk ij ml eqfu dks ubZ nh{kk nh xbZ Fkh ijUrq Hkh[k.k th ds izfr ,slk nqoZpu dgus ij Hkh mUgas dksbZ n.M ughaa fn;k x;kA

bl ckr ls turk ds eu esaa cM+k vkØks’k mRiUu gqvkAmls 'kkUr djus ds fy, ml lEiznk; ds eqfu;kas us izpkfjr fd;k fd bl eqfu us Hkh[k.k th dks Nqjk ekj nsus dh ckr dgus ds dkj.k ;s n.M fn;k x;k tks fd lR; ls dkslksa nwj FkkAbl izdkj ml dky esaa lk/kq lar Hkh >wB vkSj vlR; ds iqfyUns cus gq, FksA

tcjnLrh jkLrk jksdk&

HkhyokM+k ftys ds iqj dh ckr gSALokeh th iapeh**'kksp^^ds fy, ckgj tk jgs FksAvU; lEiznk; ds ,d eqfu Hkh m/kj gh tk jgs FksAT;kasfg Lokeh th dks ns[kk]mUgas lqukrs gq, v.V l.V cksyus yxsALokeh th us mudh ckrksaa ij /;ku u nsrs gq, pyuk tkjh j[kkAbl ij os eqfu lkeus vkdj jkLrk jksddj [kMs+ gks x,ALokeh th 'kkUr Hkko ls ikl esaa ls xqtjus yxs]rc Lokeh th ds pkjkas vksj ydhj [khapdj os eqfu cksys&^^blls ckgj tkvksaxs rks rqEgsa rhFkZadjkas dh lkSxU/k gSA**Lokeh th fQj Hkh vkxs c<+++us yxs rks mu eqfu us Lokeh th dks ihNs dh vksj /kdsy fn;kA

ogha ikl eas gh ,d pjokgk [kMs+ [kMs+ ;g lc n`’; ns[k jgk FkkAmlls jgk ughaa x;kAog nkSM++dj vk;k vkSj mDr eqfu dks dgus yxk&;s rks xq: gaS]buls D;ksaa >xM+rk gS]>xM+uk gh gS rks**Hkkjheky th dh vksj ladsr djrs gq,^^bl toku lk/kq ls >xM+A

pjokgs dh f>M+dh ikdj og eqfu ogka ls pyk x;kA/kU; gS Lokeh th!dSls dSls fojks/kkas dks Hkh fdrus 'kkUr Hkko ls mUgkasus lgu fd;kA

ns’k ds vkØe.kdkfj;kas ls yM+ks&

Lokeh th bl ckr ls ges’kk lko/kku jgrs Fks fd vkykspuk O;fDr fo’ks"k dh ughaa gksuh pkfg,Avkpkjghurk ,oa f’kfFkykpkj dh vkykspuk muds lkfgR; eas ckj ckj vkrh FkhAiwokZxzgksa ds dkj.k yksx bls vius ij ys ysrs FksA

^Jkod n`"VkUr^ ds vuqlkj laor~~ 1857 esaa Lokeh th HkhyokM+k i/kkjsAjkf=dkyhu O;k[;ku~ eas turk cgqr ,df=r gqbZAvU; lEiznk; ds Jkodksaa dks blls tyu gksuk LokHkkfod FkkAlk/okpkj dk foospu djrs gq, Lokeh th us**rqe tksbZT;ksa va/kkjks b.k Hksd esa** xhrhdk ds dqN i| lquk,A

O;k[;ku~ lekfIr ds i’pkr~~ ukxkSjh cU/kqvkas us Lokeh th dks ?ksj fy;kAos ckj ckj bl ckr ij tksj ns jgs Fks fd lk?okpkjghu O;fDr dk uke crkvksA

Lokeh th us cM+s 'kkUr Hkko ls le>k;k fd eSa O;fDr fo’ks"k ds fy, ughaa dgrk]leqP;:i ls ;g ckr dgh gSA

bl ij ukxkSjh cU/kq 'kkUr ughaa gq,AmUgkasus /kedh Hkjs Loj esaa dgk&uke crk, fcuk vkidks ;gkWa ls fogkj ughaa djus nsaxsA;fn tk,xs rks vkidks rhFkZadjks dh lkSxU/k gSA

Lokeh th us ekSu /kkj.k dj fy;k D;kasfd mu yksxksaa dh le>us dh ekufldrk Fkh gh ughaaAbl ij /kujkt th ukxkSjh us dgk&**vc izfrek dh rjg ekSu gksdj cSB x,]mÙkj D;ksaa ughaa nsrs\**

Lokeh th fcydqy Hkh mÙksftr ughaa gq, vkSj 'kkUr Hkko ls ekSu cSBs jgsAmuds fy, ;g dksbZ ubZ ckr ughaa FkhArc /kefd;ka nsrs gq, os yksx pys x,A

mUghaa fnukaas mn;iqj ds iz/kkuea=h Jh f’konkl th xka/kh fdlh iz’kklfud dk;Z ls HkhyokM+k vk, gq, FksAbl ?kVuk dh tc mUgas tkudkjh gqbZ rks /kujkt ukxkSjh dks cqykdj MkaVrs gq, dgk&ukxkSjh th!lar iq:"kksa ds lkFk v.V l.V cksyus vkSj >xM+us esaa dkSu lh ohjrk gS]yM+uk gh pkgrs gks rks ns’k ij vkØe.k djus okyh 'k=q lsuk ls D;ksaa ughaa yM+rs\

blds i’pkr~~ ukxkSjh cU/kqvkas dh >xM+us dh fgEer iLr gks xbZA

nqokZlk dk izfr:i eqfu [kafrfot; th&

LFkkudoklh lEiznk; ds fofHkUu Vksyks ds }kjk Lokeh th ds ekxZ esaa fujUrj ck/kk,a [kM+h dh tk jgh Fkh]fQj ewfrZiwtd ihNs D;kas jgrsALokeh th dh 'kkL=kFkZ dh /kkj bruh iSuh Fkh fd ml le; nqokZlk ds vorkj ekus tkus okys eqfu [kafrfot; th Hkh ml ekj ds nk;js esaa vkus ls cp ughaa ldsA

^fHk{kq n`"VkUr^ ds vuqlkj ml dky esaa eqfu [kafrfot; th cM+s mxz LoHkko ds O;fDr gq, gSaAyksx mUgsaa nqokZlk _f"k dk izfr:i dgrs FksAvius vki dks vkxe ds izdk.M+ if.Mr dgrs FksAvgadkjh brus fd fdlh ls Hkh 'kkL=kkFkZ ds fy, rS;kj jgrs FksAijkt; gks gh ughaa ldrh FkhAijkt; dh lEHkkouk gksus ij U;k;]uhfr vkSj 'kkyhurk dks nwj <+dsy dj /kksal iV~Vh ;k gks gYys ds }kjk viuh fot; ?kksf"kr djus esaa iw.kZ ikjaxr FksAbl dkj.k muls 'kkL=kFkZ djus eas lc yksx ?kcjkrs FksAmudk ,slk LoHkko Fkk fd os Lo;a vius vgadkj dks rq"V djus ds fy, pykdj 'kkL=kFkZ djus dh pqukSrh nsrs FksA

,dckj ikyh eas vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th dks vius lkFk 'kkL=kFkZ djus dh pqukSrh eqfu [kafrfot; th us nhAnksukas vksj ds Jkodksaa dh vPNh [kklh HkhM+ tqVh gqbZ FkhA'kkL=kFkZ py jgk FkkA,d izlax ij vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th us vius i{k ds leFkZu eas ^vkpkjkax lw=^ dk i= fudkykAijkt; dh laHkkouk dks ns[krs gq, eqfu [kafrfot; th us og i= vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ds gkFk ls >iVdj QkM+ MkykAmlds rqjUr ckn vius leFkZdkas ds }kjk thr dk ,slk gYyk epk;k fd vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ds lkjs dFku mlds uhps nc dj jg x,Abl >wBh fot; us eqfu [kafrfot; th ds vgadkj dks vR;f/kd c<+++k fn;kA

eqfu [kafrfot; th lc txg ?kks"k.kk dj jgs Fks&**eSaaus lc ^<+waf<+;ksa&eqWg iV~Vh okys lk/kq&LFkkudoklh vkSj rsjkiaFkh* ds eqaWg esaa vaxwyh Mky dj ns[k fy;k gS]dgha Hkh nkar ughaa feykAvc rks ek= ,d dkfy;k Hkh[k.k gh 'ks"k jgk gSA**

vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th bl Fkksih gqbZ ijkt; ls cM+s nq%[kh FksAos eu gh eu eqfu [kafrfot; th dks ijkftr djus ds mik; lkspus yxsAvpkud mUgsaa Hkh[k.k th Lej.k gks vk,Abl le; rd Hkh[k.k th ds izfr vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th dk mruk jks"k Hkh ughaa jg x;k FkkAmUgsaa Hkh[k.k th dh cqf)erk]O;ogkj dq’kyrk ,oa 'kkL=h; Kku ij iw.kZ fo’okl FkkAmUgkasus rqjUr vius izeq[k Jkodksaa dks cqyk;k vkSj dgk&**[kafrfot; th dks thr lds oSlk rks vc ,d Hkh[k.k th gh gSA**

vius xq: ds ladsr dks le> dj bu Jkodkas us rsjkiaFkh Jkodksaa ls lEidZ fd;k rFkk lkjh fLFkfr crkdj muls dgk&**izkFkZuk dj Hkh[k.k th dks esokM+ ls ;gkWa cqykvksA**

esokM+ ls Lokeh th ekjokM+ esaa i/kkjs rFkk Øe’k% fogkj djrs gq, ikyh i/kkjsAikyh eas LFkkudoklh lEiznk; ds izeq[k izeq[k Jkod Lokeh th ds ikl vk,An’kZu oUnu dj mUgksaus dgk&**iwT; Jh pkgrs gSa fd vki [kafrfot; th ls 'kkL=kFkZ djasA**vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ds lkFk gq, 'kkL=kFkZ dh iwjh tkudkjh nsrs gq, mUgkasus dgk&**os cgqr gh dVqHkk"kh ,oa cM+cksys gSaAvki gh ,sls O;fDr dks o’k eas dj ldrs gaSA**

Lokeh th us dgk&Bhd gS]tSlk volj gksxk ns[kk tk,xkA;fn Lokeh th ds LFkku ij dksbZ vU; O;fDr gksrk rks dgrk&ns[kks!vkf[kj esjh gh vko’;drk iM+hAdj fy;k fojks/k\D;k fcxkM+ fy;k\ijUrq ughaa!Lokeh th mu vgadkjh yksxkas eas ls ughaa gS vkSj u gh brus v'kq) fopkjkas okys yksxksaa esaa ls Fks tks bruk gydkiu fn[kk,A

;g lR; gS]Lokeh th f’kfFkykpkj]ik[k.M+okn ,oa for.M+kokn ds fojks/kh FksAos :f<++;ksa dks Hkh ilan ughaa djrs FksAblds ihNs Hkh 'kkL=’kq) vo/kkj.kk,a FkhAblfy, mudk lR; vkxe vk/kkfjr lR; Fkk]ftls rdZ dh dlkSVh ij dlk tk ldrk FkkAblfy, os dlkSVh ij Lo.kZ dh rjg [kjs mrjs FksAvga vkSj yksds"k.kk ls os dkslkas nwj FksAvc vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th dk fojks/k yxHkx lekIr gks x;kAmUgsaa Hkh ;g vuqHko gks x;k fd Hkh[k.k th 'kkL=K gaS]vkxefoK gSa]rdZ 'kkL=h gSa]izdk.M+ if.Mr ,oa izp.M+ cqf)eku gSa rFkk izR;qRiUuefr ls lEiUu O;ogkj dq’ky gSaAvr% vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ân; ls bl ckr dks Lohdkj dj vius Jkodkas ds le{k Hkh[k.k th dh ;ksX;rk ,oa izfrHkk dk o.kZu fd;kAbruk i;kZIr gSA,d le; vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th Hkh[k.k th ds xq: jgs FksAHkh[k.k th dks laLdkfjr ,oa f’kf{kr djus eas mudk cgqr cM+k ;ksxnku FkkAHkh[k.k th muds fiz; f’k";ksa eas ls ,d Fks rFkk ije fo’oklh FksArHkh rks jktuxj ds Jkodksaa dks le>kus ds fy, mUghaa dks Hkstk FkkA

vkt iqu% vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ds eu esa Hkh[k.k th ds izfr iwoZ fo’okl tkx`r gqvk rFkk tks dk;Z os ughaa dj lds mls Hkh[k.k th dj ldsaxsA;g mudh vUrjre ls]vkUrfjd ân; ls fudyh vkokt Fkh]ftlus lc izdkj ds vkilh erHksnkas dh nhokj dks fxjk fn;k FkkA;s dgkor izpfyr gS&^^xq: xqM+ gh jgk psyk 'kDdj gks x;k^^&pfjrkFkZ gks xbZA

dqN fnukasa i’pkr~~ Lokeh th dkijMk i/kkjsAeqfu [kafrfot; th igys ls ogka fojkt jgs FksAeqfu th us rc lquk fd Hkh[k.k th dkijMk vk, gSa];g ,d vPNk volj gS]lkspdj Lokeh th dks 'kkL=kFkZ ds fy, vkg~oku fd;kALokeh th us bls Lohdkj dj fy;kA;g bl ckr dk ifjpk;d Fkk fd mUgsaa vius Kku ,oa cqf) ij iw.kZ fo’okl FkkAtgkWa vPNs vPNs /kqja/kj vkpk;Z Hkh eqfu [kafrfot; th ls 'kkL=kFkZ djus ls ?kcjkrs Fks]drjkrs Fks]fQj Hkh Hkh[k.k th us lgt Hkko ls bls Lohdkj dj fy;kA

dkijMk ds cktkj esa tu lHkk ds chp 'kkL=kFkZ izkjEHk gqvkAeqfu [kafrfot; th ds Jkod cM+h la[;k esaa Fks]tgkWa ekSdk ns[k dj gh [kafrfot; th ds ,d ladsr ij gks gYyk djus ds fy, rS;kj FksArsjkiaFk Jkod tks fuf’pr:i ls FkksM+h la[;k esaa jgs gksaxs][kafrfot; th ds LoHkko dks tkuus ds dkj.k vleatl esaa t:j jgs gksaxsAHkh[k.k th ,dne lgt Fks&vkRe fo’okl ls Hkjs gq,Aeqfu [kafrfot; th ,oa muds Jkod lksp jgs Fks fd Hkh[k.k th vfUre O;fDr gSa ftls ;fn vkt 'kkL=kFkZ esaa gjk fn;k rks fQj tSu'kklu esaa eqfu [kafrfot; th dk Ma+dk ct tk,xk],d{k= jkT; gksxkAfuf’pr:i ls os eu gh eu ds fdlh dksus ls ,slk Hkh lksp jgs gkasxs fd ;g dkfy;k gS cM+k rxM+kAdgha mYVk ifj.kke u gks tk,AdbZ ckj ,slk Hkh gksrk gS fd 90 izfr’kr 10izfr’kr cu tkrk gS vkSj n’k izfr’kr 'kr izfr’kr cu tkrk gSA;gkWa Hkh dqN ,slk gh gqvkA

'kkL=kFkZ dk fo"k; Fkk]fgalk&vfgalkAppkZ esa Lokeh th us dgk&^^/keZ ds fufeŸk dh xbZ fagalk esaa nks"k ughaa gS];s vuk;Z opu gaS],slk Hkxoku egkohj us dgk gSA**

eqfu th cksys&,slk dFku dgha Hkh ughaa gSA

Lokeh th us rqjUr ^vkpkjkax^ dh izfr fudky dj tc mDr fo"k; dk ikB i<+dj lquk;k rks eqfu th us dgk&^^rqEgkjh izfr dk fo’okl ughaa fd;k tk ldrkAeSa viuh izfr ns[kwWaxkA^^

mUgkasus viuh izfr eaxokbZ vkSj ns[kk rks ogka Hkh ogh ikB feykAckr gkFk ls fudyrh ns[kdj muds gkFk dkaius yxsA

Lokeh th vkØked ewM+ eas FksA;s vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ughaa Fks ftuds gkFk ls lw= dk i= Nhu dj QkM+ fn;k tk,A;s Hkh[k.k th Fks tks izR;sd fLFkfr ifjfLFkfr esa tkx:d jgrs FksA

Lokeh th us dgk&**turk vkxe ikB lquus dks mRlqd gSa]vr% eqfu Jh]tks Hkh fy[kk gks]i<++dj lquk nhft,A**

eqfu th fQj Hkh pqi jgs]ijUrq mudk dEiUu c<++ x;kArc Lokeh th cksys&vki dkai D;kas jgs gS\dEiUu ds pkj dkj.k gksrs gSa&ok;qizdksi]Øks/k]ijkt; vkfn dk Hk; vkSj dkeksŸkstukAvki buesaa ls dkSuls dkj.k ls dkai jgs gSa\

eqfu Jh dk Øks/k ,dne HkM+d mBkAcksys&^^lkys dk flj rksM+ nwaxkA^^

Lokeh th us 'kkUr xaHkhj gksrs gq, dgk&eSaa lk/kq gwWa]eqfu gwWaAlalkj dh lHkh fL=;ka esjh cguas gSaA;fn vkids iRuh gS rks og Hkh esjh cgu gSAbl dkj.k vkius eq>s lkyk dgk]rc rks Bhd gSAijUrq ;fn iRuh ds vHkko esaa lkyk dgk]rks eqfu gksdj feF;kHkk"kh cus gSaA

nwljh ckr ;g gS fd vki eq>s lk/kq rks pkgs ekusa ;k u ekusa fdUrq iapsUnzh; izk.kh rks ekusaxs ghAesjk flj rksM+us dh ckr dgrs gSa]rks D;k lk/kqrk Lohdkj djrs le; vkius eq>s ekjus dh dksbZ NwV j[kh Fkh\

mifLFkr turk f[kyf[kykdj gaWlus yxhAbl ij rks eqfu th dk Øks/k vkis ls ckgj gks x;kAfLFkfr fcxM+rs ns[k eksrhjke th pkS/kjh vkfn muds izeq[k Jkodksaa us mudk gkFk idM+ dj ppkZ LFky ls mBkrs gq, dgk&**vc ;gkWa ls pyksAv.V l.V cksy dj vkius Hkjh lHkk eas gedks yfTtr dj fn;kA**

dkijMk dh tu lHkk eas cM+s /kS;Z vkSj la;e ds lkFk Lokeh th us eqfu [kafrfot; th ds lkFk 'kkL=kFkZ esaa fot; izkIr dhAogka ds lekt ij bl fot; dk cM+k xgjk izHkko iM++k vkSj ogka ds yksx Hkh[k.k th ds HkDr o iz’kald cu x,AdVq ls dVq ckr dk mÙkj Hkh /kS;Z ,oa l;ae ds lkFk fcuk mÙksftr gq, Lokeh th us O;X;a fefJr fouksn }kjk mÙkj nsdj eqfu th dks fu:Ùkj dj fn;kA

fuf’pr:i ls bl ?kVuk dh tkudkjh vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ,oa muds Jkodkas ds ikl igqWaph gksxhAvkpk;Z j?kqukFk th dks vius iwoZ f’k"; ij fdruk xoZ gqvk gksxk]lkFk gh muds Jkodkas ds ân;ksa esaa Hkh Hkh[k.k th ds izfr vlhe J)k us LFkku cuk;k gksxkA

vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th ds izfr Lokeh th dh ;g xq:nf{k.kk gh FkhA

tc vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dBksj gq,&

Jhen~ t;kpk;Z us vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th ds O;fDÙkRo dh efgek c[kku djrs gq, dgk gS&^^?kh ls lhaph gqbZ fu/kwZe vfXu dh rjg fueZy Kku]/kqzo dh rjg fu’py J)k vkSj LQfVd dh rjg LoPN pkfj«; Lokeh th ds egku ifo= laxe xq.k FksA^^fQj Hkh dHkh dHkh ekuotfur detksfj;kWa mu ij gkoh gks tkrh Fkh vkSj os vR;Ur dBksj gksdj dVq cksyus yxrs FksAfo’ks"k:i ls ml le; tc fod`fr;ksa dks /keZ dgdj lk/kq os’k/kkjh O;fDr vlR; ij nqjkxzg djus yxrs FksA

,dckj Lokeh th 'kkSpfuo`fr ds fy, xkao ckgj tk jgs FksAjkLrs esa gfjfot; th uked ,d tSu ;fr Lokeh th ds lkFk lkFk pyus yxsApyrs pyrs os Lokeh th ls rjg rjg ds loky djus yxs&fgalk esa iki ugha ;fn euq"; lE;d~ n`f"V gksAlE;d~ n`f"V okyksa dks iki ugha NwrkAthoksa dks ekjus ls lalkj Hkze.k ugha c<++rk]u thoksa dh j{kk ls ?kVrk gh gSAgksugkj gS lks gh gksrk gSAdsoyKkfu;ksa us ns[kk gS ml le; eks{k igqWap tk,axs blfy, fØ;k dh dksbZ vko’;drk ughaAjkLrs esa pyrs gq, cksyuk lk/kq dks dYirk ugha lkspdj Lokeh th ekSu pys tk jgs FksA*ekSue~ Lohd`fr y{k.ke~* le>dj ;fr th cksys&ekyqe gksrk gS vkidks Hkh gekjs fl)kUr ilan gSaA

Lokeh th ls vc pqi ugha jgk x;kApyrs pyrs ,dne :d x, vkSj ;fr th dh vksj mUeq[k gksdj cksys&

**dkx fuEkksyh esa jfr djs]Hk.M+lwjk us fcLVks vkoS nk;A

T;ksaa dkx Hk.M+lwjk tsgok ekuoh fj>s vkKk ckgjyh dj.kh eka;AA**

vFkkZr~&dkSvk isM+ ls fxjh gqbZ fueksyh esa jfr djrk gS vkSj Hk.M+lwjs dks fHkLVk vPNk yxrk gSAdkS,Wa vkSj Hk.M+lwjs dh Js.kh ds tks euq"; gSa]mUgsa gh ftu vkKk ds ckgj ds dk;kZsa esa vkuUn vkrk gSA

Lokeh th cksys&;fr th!eSa rks bu fl)kUrksa dks fHkLVkrqY; le>rk gwWaA

;s rks dqN ckuxh ek= gSaAvojks/kkas dh ,d yEch J`a[kyk gS tks Lokeh th dks thou Hkj lgu djus iM++sAokLro eas ;s os la?k"kZ Fks ftUgkasus Hkh[k.k th ds thou esaa fu[kkj gh iSnk fd;kAHkh[k.k th dk xfr’khy thou ,d izokgeku unh ds leku Fkk ftls y{; rd igqWapus ds fy, mUgkasus Lo;a ekxZ iz’kLr fd;kAvusd ?kqeko]dVko]NVko rFkk vojks/kd cu dj [kM+h vusd ik"kk.k f’kyk,a ftUgkasus bl egkunh dk ekxZ nqxZe cuk, j[kk FkkAizkjfEHkd voLFkk eas ges’kk izokg nqcZy gksrk gS vkSj vojks/k izcy ijUrq tSls tSls egkunh vkxs c<+++rh gS]mldk izcy izokg lEiw.kZ nqxZerkvksa dh Nkrh phjrs gq, egkun tSlk izcy izokg cu tkrk gS vkSj lHkh vojks/k fucZyAfdlh dfo us lVhd fy[kk gS&**fd.k jh eka vteks [kk;ks tks jksds xaxk/kkj thA**

,slh gh xfr’khyrk dh lQyrk dh dgkuh gS vkpk;Z Hkh[k.k th dhAxHkZ ds le; budh ekrk th us flag LoIu ns[kk Fkk ml ij vkpk;Z j?kqukFk th us fujis{k Hkko ls dgk Fkk&**Je.k la?k esa Hkh[k.k flag ds leku xjtsxk^^Hkyk ;s vlR; dSls gks ldrk Fkk\^^